الفهرس 
Antigenic and genotypic changes in some parasites as a result to development in different hosts
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Abstract
The diagnostic efficacy of different Hydatid cyst (HC) antigen is still affected by the host from which the HC extracted. The present study investigated the diagnostic efficacy of HC protoscolices somatic antigens (HCPsS-Ag) extracted from different hosts in diagnosis of zoonotic hydatidosis using enzyme-linked immunoelectro-transfer blot (EITB). Comparing the antigenic similarity of these antigens on genotype bases revealed that HC-G6 genotypes extracted from infected patients contain eight specific polypeptide fractions react versus HC-G6 infected patient{u2019}s sera. Five of them (28,32,38,59 and 89 Kilo Dalton (KDa) and two of them (28 KDa and 45 KDa) were reacted versus HC-G1 and HC-G4 infected sheep and equine, respectively. Six HCPsS-Ag-G1 fractions of sheep react versus HC-G1 sheep infected sera, four (28,32,52 and 58 KDa) and two of them reacted versus HC-G6 and HC-G4 infected patient and equine sera, respectively. HCPsS-Ag from HC genotypes that developed in humans and animals as HC-G6 and HC-G1 can substitute each other for diagnosis of infection than antigens extracted from non-zoonotic HC-G4 of equine. Concerning the host-parasite relation among another parasite, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for a 292 bp fragment of 16S-rRNA ribosomal unit from children and calves Giardia isolates proved infection of calves by zoonotic Giardia (Assemblage A) and non-zoonotic (Assemblage E).Assemblage (A) are common in buffalo calve, easily distributed by these animals elsewhere and infect the surrounding human. Fraction (Ü-1 giardin) at the molecular weight (MW) of 29-34 KDa appear as specific genotype-related fractions. Detection of this fraction using EITB can be used as a preliminary investigation in the identification of zoonotic giardiasis