الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 188 |  |  |
| | | from | 188 | | |
Abstract
There are many viruses that cause major economic losses in our farm due to it is affection on the reproductive system in the form of infertility problems, abortion, stillbirth and mortalities. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a well-known reproductive viral disease that causes significant economic losses owing to reproductive failure, calf death, and enteric and respiratory disorders in cattle (SeguraCorrea et al., 2016). BVDV had been classed as a semen-transmittable virus because of its persistence in testicular and epididymal tissues (Khodakaram-Tafti et al., 2017). Tissue samples from the male genital system of camel, cattle and buffalo bulls including (testes and three compartments of epididymis) and ear notch were collected from 50camel, 50cattle and 50buffalo bulls with different age. The obtained samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for 24hrs and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination.
According to the immunohistochemical findings of ear notch, the examined animal species (cattle, camel and buffalo bulls) were allocated into 3 groups; persistently infected animals (4%, 4% and 2%), current infected animals were (18%, 12% and 12%) and control non BVD animals (78%, 84% and 86%) in cattle, camel and buffalo bulls respectively. This study described pronounced immunostaining antigen in the basal epithelial cells, prickle cells, hair follicles epithelial cells, sebaceous glands, subcutaneous stromal cells, endothelial cells of the blood vessels, perivascular cells cuffing, mononuclear cells in subcutaneous connective tissues cells and finally chondrocytes in the examined ear notch. Testicular and epididymal samples from the previously positive cases by IHC (3cattle, 2camel, and 2buffalo bulls) were used for RNA standards cloning PCR products from BVDV-1. The results denoted that only one positive result from each species was detected and other samples revealed negative result.
Immunohistochemical localizations of BVDV in different testicular cells were reported as follow spermatid 7/8(87.5%), mother spermatogonial cells 7/8(87.5%), Sertoli cells 6/8(75%), sperm in lumen 5/8(62.5%), myoid cells 3/8(37.5%), primary spermatocytes 4/8(50%), Leydig cells 8/8(100%), macrophages and/or lymphocytes in the interstitial tissues 5/8(62.5%), endothelial cells of the BVs 2/8(25%). The percent of cellular localization of BVDV antigen in different epididymal cells were reported; myoepithelial cells 4/8(50%), basal cells 8/8(100%), columnar epithelial cells 8/8(100%), semen in lumen 7/8(87.5%), interstitium and BVs 5/8(62.5%), smooth muscle fibers 4/8(50%), mononuclear cell infiltration in the interstitium 3/8(37.5%).
The histopathological lesion score in male genital organs of cattle bulls revealed that PI animals showed absence of severe testicular degeneration, angiopathies and orchitis. Also absence of epididymal angiopathies and inflammation specially in the body because the PI animals appear nearly normal but the semen consistently contains the virus that capable to infect all susceptible females. The scoring of BVDV antigen location denoted that the viral antigens were found in all examined testes of PI animals except in the body of epididymis which consider a connecting tube. Also not found in the inflammatory cells in PI animal because the inflammatory reaction not consistent in PI animal but markedly observed in acutely infected cases.
The histopathological lesion score in male genital organs of camel bulls were manifested as absence of mild and moderate testicular degeneration in PI cases while documented in acute and non BVDV cases. Also angiopathies was found in all compartments of the epididymis of PI, acute and non BVDV cases except in the body of acute cases. The tracing of BVDV antigen by IHC in male genital organs revealed that the antigen was detected in all parts of the male genital organs except the body of the epididymis in both PI and acute infected bulls.
The histopathological lesion score in male genital organs of buffalo bulls
explained that the degenerative and the inflammatory changes were minimal in all examined genital organs in both PI and acute cases, this also supported by previous studies which conclude that buffaloes are more resistant to most viral diseases than cattle. But on Scoring of BVDV antigen it not detected in the inflammatory cells of the testicular tissues of PI Case. In the epididymal tissues while BVD antigen were mainly detected in the interstitial tissues and BVs. Few cases show positive reaction in the basal cells. The epididymal body show negative reaction in both PI and acute cases.