الفهرس 
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Abstract
C
hronic renal failure (CRF) is a major health problem and is considered as the most common disease of childhood. Nurses are the key members in helping children with uremia they provide care for children with CRF who undergoing HD (Harambat et al., 2012).
The aim of the study was to assess nurses’ knowledge versus their practices towards care of children undergoing HD in PDUs in Cairo. Subjects included all (60) nurses working in the previously mentioned settings.
Two tools were used for data collection: Observation checklists for nurses’ practices of care for children during HD and a structured questionnaire sheet for nurses’ knowledge regarding care of children on HD, which consisted of 3 parts: Care provided to children before dialysis sessions, machine preparation such as sterilization, connection, and nurses’ knowledge about care provided for child on HD machine such as: Site of insertion, meaning of different machine alarms, how dialysis goes on, while the child being on the machine, reason for administration of heparin, emergency drugs, and nurses’ knowledge about disconnection of child from the machine. It included the reason for performing all steps for disconnection. The most important finding could be summarized in the following:
A pilot study was conducted by the researcher on 10% to evaluate the clarity and applicability of tools and estimate the time consumed for each tool. The revised final forms were used. All children who participated in pilot study were excluded from the main study the sample.
A letter including the research proposal was used from the Dean of the Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, and presented to Directors of the Pediatric HDUs of Ain Shams University Children Hospital, and Abu El-Reach affiliated to Cairo University and El-Helal Hospitals. It was addressed to each director of the previously mentioned settings to obtain their approval to conduct the study. The research approval was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Nursing in Ain Shams University before starting the study. Written consents were obtained from nurses working with children undergoing HD. They were assured that the information collected will be treated confidentially and that it used will be only for the purpose of the research.
Results
Findings that were obtained from the present study could be summarized as the following:
o There was a statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices regarding each step about preparation of the child before entering the dialysis unit P<0.01.
o There was a statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices regarding each step about preparation of equipment and supplies necessary before connecting the child to dialysis machine P<0.01.
o There was a statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices regarding each steps followed before connecting the child to the dialysis machine p<0.01.
o There was a highly statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices regarding the steps for dialysis machine starting before child connection P<0.01.
o There was a statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices about connect blood line to the dialysis machine P<0.01.
o There was a high statistical significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and practices about connecting to the child on dialysis machine as P<0.01.
o There was a high statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices regarding the steps the Steps during connecting the on the dialysis machine P<0.01.
o There was a statistically significant difference between nurses’ knowledge and their practices regarding the steps of ending of session and disconnecting the child from dialysis machine (P<0.01).
o There were statistically significant differences in the mean score for knowledge and practices regarding all nursing care performed for the child on HD but there were no statistically significant differences to total mean score between knowledge and practices about preparation before connecting the child to dialysis machine.