الفهرس 
Effect of passive stretch versus electrical stimulation on blood glucose level in elderly diabetic patients
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes is becoming more common all across the world at an alarming rate. Studies have indicated that including exercise into one’s daily routine might considerably postpone and perhaps prevent diabetes. Aim of the study : was to compare between the effect of passive stretching exercises versus electrical stimulation on blood glucose levels in elderly diabetic patients. Methods: sixty elderly type 2 diabetic patients participated in this study. Their age ranged from 60 to 75 years. they were recruited from the internal medicine department outpatient clinic at Kasr Al Ainy Hospital .they were assigned randomly into two groups equal in number of both gender. The first group (A): passive stretching execrises for eight muscles of upper and lower limbs , included 30 patients (29 females and 1 male)were treated with passive stretching exercises. The second group (B): electrical stimulation techniques for lower limbs , included 30 patients ( 29 females and 1 male )were treated with electrical stimulation. The protocol of treatment was conducted three times per week, for twelve weeks.Venous blood sample was analyzed to determine level of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) before and after twelve weeks. Glucometer was used to measure fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) and post-prandial blood glucose level (PPBGL) after the first session and after twelve weeks of protocol.The functional ability was assessed using the time up and go test (TUG). Fatigue severity scale (FSS) is used to determine the degree of fatigue.Results: After twelve weeks period,There was a significant decrease in HbA1c, FBGL, PPBGL, TUG and FSS post- treatment in the group A and B compared with that pre- treatment (p < 0. 001). The percentage of reduction in HbA1c, FBGL, PPBGL, TUG and FSS in the group A was( 8. 27 ), (11. 83) , (12. 36) , (30. 18) and (20. 19%) respectively, and that of group B was( 7. 46) , (10. 27) , (10. 27) , (20.9 ) and (23. 94%) respectively