الفهرس 
AutismOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is behaviorally defined and characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction along with restrictive and repetitive behavior, interests or activities. Typically, initial signs and symptom of ASD are often noticeablein the early developmental period such as age of the first smile, response to their names, pointing to objects, and ability to play with peers. However, behavioral patterns and social deficits might not be recognized as indications of ASD until a child is unable to interact socially, or demonstrate cognitive disability or other significant life-stage demands. This complicates the healthcare practitioner’s ability to diagnose it early enough. Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has a multifactorial etiology involving interactions between genes, environment, and diet, and is almost five times more common among boys than girls. The incidence of ASD has dramatically increased during the last. Current estimates in the US are one child in 45 has a diagnosis of ASD. Bioelements play important roles in the central nervous system. The lack or excess of essential minerals and trace elements are known to cause a variety of health problems, and could contribute to the etiology of ASDs. Autistic infants appear in some cases to develop normally until age 1-3 years. Thereafter, sudden changes occur that indicate the presence of an ASD. Possible causes for this are toxic metal exposure in combination with an inadequate nutritional status.