الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study comprised of 70 tissue blocks of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma with their coressponding lymph node metastases in 34 cases which were chosen randomly from the archive of Pathology Departement, Minia University Hospital and private pathology laboratories in the period June 2018 to january 2022. Fourty three tumors (61.4%) were adenocarcinoma, NOS while 21 (30%) and 6 (8.6%) mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma, respectively.
Kiss 1 expression was significantly higher in females than males, in tumors with absent regional lymph node involvement and in tumors with absent perineural invasion.
No significant association was observed between Kiss 1 expression and patients’ age, tumor’s size, primary tumor location, tumor grade, PDC grade, histological subtype, modified Dukes staging system, LVI, TILs, LNR and tumor necrosis.
Regarding CD 133 expression, it was significantly associated with patients’ age > 50 years, high tumor grade, high PDC grade, advanced modified Dukes stage, presence of lymphovascular invasion and tumor necrosis.
No significant associations were shown between CD 133 expression and other clinicopathological features.
On studyiny the combined expression pattern of Kiss 1 and CD 133 in relation to different clinicopathological features, Kiss 1 negative/CD 133 positve and Kiss 1 positive/ CD 133 positive immunoprofiles were significantly associated with tumor grade, PDC grade, regional lymph node involvement and tumor necrosis compared to other immunoprofiles.
No significant association between combined expression of both markers and other clinicopathological data was identified.
There was a statistical significant difference in Kiss 1 expression between primary tumors and their corresponding lymph node metastases with a concordance rate 76.5%.
There was no statistical significant difference in CD 133 expression between primary tumors and their corresponding lymph node metastases with a concordance rate 73.5%.
Concerning Kiss 1 expression in relation to CD 133 expression, there were no statistically significant association between both markers expressions.
Recommendations:
-Future studies with a large sample size is required to establish the clinicopathological impact of these biomarkers.
-Molecular and genetic studies are recommended for clarification the role of Kiss 1 and CD 133 in progression of CRC.
-Further investigation of CD 133 with other stem cell markers for better understanding of development and progression of CRC.
-We recommend studying of Kiss 1 status in CRC in relation to follow up data, as Kiss 1 positivity is associated with favourable prognostic features and it could be an important good prognostic marker.
-We also recommened further sudies on Kiss 1 or its agonists as a potential therapy to suppress metastasis in CRC.
-We recommend studying CD 133 expression in CRC in relation to follow up data, as CD 133 positive expression is associated with poor prognostic parameters.
-We recommened further sudies on CD 133- targeting therapies as a promising therapy for advanced CRC.