الفهرس 
Chapter one: Gel systems, Components, and their application in the cleaning of cultural heritage.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Numerous deterioration factors attack archaeological materials on
internal and external levels, leading to severe deterioration. Scientists
and conservators are searching for appropriate materials for preserving
cultural heritage.
This study focuses on the study of gel systems optimization for
cleaning archaeological painted wood from the Greco-Roman period.
The thesis contains three chapters: -
Chapter one: This chapter discusses the identification of gels and the
Advantages of Gels application in cleaning cultural heritage. Also, the
history of gel application in cleaning cultural heritage and gel properties.
Additionally, the classification of the gel was discussed in terms of its
components. The chapter contains various gel used in preserving
cultural heritage. The gel was divided into three types (solvent gel-
hydrogel magnetic gel). Furthermore, in this chapter, we present gel
applications on various archaeological materials such as; murals, gilded
wood, limestone painting, paper, and textile ...). Five essential
components form the gel system; the constituents include water, pH
buffer, chelating agent, surfactant, and gelling agent.
Chapter two: This chapter discusses the analytical study of two painted
wooden masks using the digital microscope, Raman microscope FTIR,
XRD, and SEM/EDS to identify mask components. As a result,
experimental samples were prepared with the same components as the
artefacts and added deterioration phenomena to the experimental
samples, including (soot - dust and dirt - wax - old restoration materials).
Gels systems were prepared, applied to samples, and tested to remove
the stains, as well as the experimental samples were then subjected to
accelerating ageing (thermal - light). The cleaning materials passed a
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series of examinations and analyses to assess the cleaning efficiency and
avoid remaining residue on the surface.
The investigation by colourimeter, FTIR, and SEM, proved that the
PVA-borax gel with nano titanium dioxide and enzyme clean the stains
effectively and safely without leaving residue on the surface.
Chapter three: Two masks made of painted wood from the Greco-
Roman period are selected for gel application. Photographic and
AutoCAD documentation of the masks and aspects of the damage were
caried out.
PVA -borax gel with the addition of cleaning agents including nano-
titanium dioxide and Lipase enzyme was considered effective in the
experimental study. Hence, this gel system was applied to
archaeological masks to clean stains. Additional treatment was carried
out to the two masks, including filling missing parts and consolidating
the wooden support and painted layer.