الفهرس 
achnowledgementsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and increase morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular complications and progress to end stage renal disease needing costly renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis and transplantation. Diagnostic markers to detect renal impairment at early stages are so important as early intervention to slow the loss of kidney function and reduce adverse outcomes.