الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Freshwater is considered the most important element required for human life. As a result of this importance, the conservation of freshwater is becoming a critical issue due to the limited amount of water required for usage. So, searching for alternative water resources is a major concern for a large portion of researchers. One of these resources is industrial wastewater which is loaded with various types of pollutants that have a dangerous effect on the surrounding environment. The cement industry in Egypt is one of the industries that are considered one of the resources of industrial wastewater that need proper treatment to reuse in various fields. Wastewater generated from the cement industry is produced from many industry stages such as raw materials mixing, kiln cleaning, and equipment cooling. Many wastewater treatment methods were used to get rid of the pollutants found in cement wastewater such as activated sludge, membrane biofilm reactor (MBR), moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), Trickling filter, and integrated fixedfilm activated sludge (IFAS). In this thesis, integrated fixed-film activated sludge was used for the cement wastewater treatment process by performing an experimental study based on a laboratory pilot. This laboratory pilot consists of a primary sedimentation tank, an aeration tank equipped with an air blower to supply the system with the required oxygen amount, and a final settling tank. All three tanks were 50×30×30 cm. In this experimental study, Luffa sponges and polyurethane sponges (PU) were used as IFAS media to increase the bacteria population in the IFAS reactor. All the experimental tests were performed at the national research center in Cairo. Results showed that using IFAS packed with Luffa sponges as bio-carriers removed 96.3% TSS, 86% COD, 88% BOD, 75.3% TKN, and 68.5% TP. In the case of using polyurethane sponges (PU) as IFAS bio-carriers, the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD, TKN, and TP was 94.2%, 84.4%, 86.2%, 68.4%, and 66.1%, respectively. A remarkable improvement in treatment efficiency was observed during using a combination of Luffa and PU sponges as a biocarrier. In this case, the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD, TKN and TP were 94.5%, 87.8%, 90.8%, 75.9% and 69.4%, respectively. So the final physical and biological results made treated cement wastewater safe for disposal according to Law 92 for 2013 and reuse in the cement industry such as equipment cooling and kiln cleaning. |