الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with increasing morbidity and mortality that cause huge social and economic loss. Although recommended by guidelines, pulmonary rehabilitation has not been widely applied in clinics because of its inherent limitations. Free from restrictions of specific training venues and equipment. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable disease with typical symptoms, including dyspnea, cough, and/or sputum production.
With the increasing prevalence of smoking in developing countries and the aging populations in developed countries, the prevalence of COPD is expected to rise in the next 30 years. By 2030, more than 4. 5 million people would die from COPD and relevant diseases every year. Besides, COPD patients may be subjected to respiratory infections, frequent exacerbations, and COPD-related hospitalizations, which contribute to a huge social and economic burden. Lung function tests are used to assess the severity and prognosis of chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) mainly based on spirometry.
Aim of the work:
The aim of this work is to study COPD patients in Nasser institute Hospital during period from January 2021 to June 2021 as regard demographic, clinical characteristic of the patients and available prescription pattern.
Subjects and methods:
This study included all COPD patients either referred to outpatient chest clinic or admitted to the hospital. Diagnosis of COPD was done according to Global Initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline, 2020.
All patients were subjected to:
1. Full medical history and examination.
2. Pre and post bronchodilator spirometric study according to (GOLD, 2020). In case of patients who can’t perform spirometry they were included only if there were previous spirometric documents available.
3. Chest X-Ray: Chest X-Ray with PA view to exclude any other Chest diseases.
4. Questionnaire to detect epidemiology, demographic, clinical characteristic of the patients and available prescription pattern.
Results:
Two hundred patients (110 outpatients and 90 inpatients), fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of COPD.
The mean age was 62.35 and 56.65 in inpatient and outpatients respectively, and only 11.5% of studied COPD patients were females. There were 80.1% came from urban areas.
The majority of studied COPD patients were of low social class indicated by low educational level, and low employment grade.
Nearly all COPD patients were either current or ex-smoker. Cigarette smoking was the most common type of smoking.
The most presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and chest wheezes almost present in all studied COPD patients.
The mean number of exacerbations was 20.02 and 11.61 for outpatients and inpatients respectively in the last year.
Among COPD patients 36.5% were overweight.
Ischemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most frequent comorbidities among studied COPD patients.
In this study, there were 34.5% in moderate stage, 43.5% were in severe stage and 22% were in very severe stage.
The popular treatments received by studied COPD patients were 3rd cephalosporin and Quinolone as Antibiotics, Theophylline was the most common bronchodilator prescribed, while systemic steroids were commonly used during exacerbations and for a short course.
In this study , among copd patients only one patient took vaccine.
Patient education (83.6%) and (87.7%) in outpatient and inpatient respectively.