الفهرس 
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Abstract
The tear film is a thin fluid layer providing a smooth surface over
the cornea. It is composed of 3 layers: the innermost mucin layer, an
aqueous layer, and the outermost lipid layer. Furthermore, the tear film is
a complex mix of electrolytes, proteins (lipocalins, lactoferrin, transferrin,
defensin, and lysozyme), phospholipids, oligopeptides, glycopeptides,
and immunoglobulins.
DED is a disease of the tear film and ocular surface, leading to
ocular discomforts and pain.
Treatment for dry eye includes the use of artificial tears, antiinflammatory
drugs, autologous serum, and punctual occlusion. Artificial
tears contain carboxy methylcellulose or hyaluronate sodium, carbomerbased
lipid-containing artificial tears (CLAT) and act as a lubricating
agent at the ocular surface. Artificial tears provide palliative relief of eye
irritation in patients with aqueous tear deficiency, but do not treat the
underlying inflammation or reverse conjunctival squamous metaplasia in
chronic dry eye. Conventional treatments using topical drugs and
punctual occlusion are not effective in the treatment of chronic ocular
pain in some patients with dry eye.
Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to be a
contributory factor in DES. An association between DES and serum 25-
hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentration has been suggested. It has
been reported that vitamin D plays an immuno-modulatory role in innate
and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR)
regulate several genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cellular
proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the effect of
vitamin D supplementation on dry eye has not been reported.
study aimed to investigate the efficacy of topical carbomerbased
lipid-containing artificial tears (CLAT) and hyaluronate (HU) in
patients with dry eye disease (DED) based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin
D (25HD) levels and cholecalciferol (vitamin D).
To elucidate our aim, this was a non-randomized clinical trial study
was conducted on 42 patients with DED by Schirmer tear secretion test
(mm) who were examined by ophthalmology department, Menoufia university hospital, Egypt.