الفهرس 
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
EXTRA PULMONARY EFFECTS OF COPDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most patients have advanced-stage lung cancer at initial diagnosis. Early detection of lung cancer is crucial to improve survival. Bronchoscopy has become a cornerstone in the evaluation of patients suspected of lung cancer showing a higher sensitivity for central than peripheral air way lesions. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a sample technique of flexible bronchoscopy that can detect several biochemical elements acting as possible biomarkers for lung cancer. Oxidative stress refers to an often-dangerous disproportion between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidants that suppress them. ROS are heavily involved in other key steps of cancer development. The human body has defense systems that prevent the effects of endogenously produced free radicals and paraoxonase (PON1) is among these endogenous antioxidant systems. PON1 is known to be integrated in the structure of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), besides it plays a role in the stabilization of HDL and exerts antioxidant features of HDL. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of serum and BAL level of Paraoxonase enzyme in patients with lung cancer. This study is prospective observational controlled study that was carried out in chest department Tanta University Hospitals on 40 subjects divided into two groups: group I: 25 patients, newly diagnosed, histopathologic ally proved primary lung cancer. group II: 15 subjects with age and sex matched healthy volunteers