الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Maxillary posterior teeth loss usually leads to bone resorption and results in pneumatization of the maxillary sinus (4).
The maxillary edentulous area in many cases exhibit poor bone volume and therefore bone reconstruction is required, such as sinus augmentation before inserting dental implants (5).
The present study was designed to compare both clinically and radiographically, the out-come of sinus lift together with simultaneous implant placement using moldable, self hardening calcium phosphate, compared to that filled only with blood clot.
The basic osteum length starting from the alveolus margin to the base of the antrum that accepted the dental implants with average of 5.04-6.70mm (average±deviation, 5.96±0.81). This goes with a research carried by scientists. (35) in 2009, the study compared the x-ray variations in dimentions of antrum graft length over and among placed implants, and evaluated the aspects that caued those variations. 2 distinct grafts were used and also mix of the two materials. 93% positive result was reported in cases with 0.9 - 3mm of remaining upright bone length in comparison.In patients with remaining bone length exceeding 4mm, success rate recorded 98.7%.
In the present research , the maxillary antrum was accessed through lateral window approach in both groups. Failing dental implant was not detected up to the end of the 5th monthfollowing the operation.
The results agree with the results obtained by researchers(33) on 2004 ,that showed a 91.8% success in their study .
The maxillary sinus was accessed through the lateral window osteotomy using the piezoelectric surgery to protect the soft tissues and also to make the patients’ discomfort minimal. This agrees with scientists. (34), on 2013 they found in their study that osteum regeneration showed a decrease in bone resorbtion when using ultrasonic tools compared to the use of conventional devices, and also showed better healing quality due to the reduction of the patients’ postoperative morbidity.
Autogenous bone has been considered the best for bone grafting due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, and also due to the absence of immune reaction. (35) Meanwhile, it has multiple disadvantages which are higher despair of the donor site, the demand of another surgery to harvest the graft and limited volume of the graft especially in case of augmentiation of a huge or severally pneumatization of the antrum.
Another grafts were advocated to beaten these disadvantages. These materials include allogenic, xenogenic, and alloplastic or a mixing substances together.
In 2005, scientists(36) introduced the without graft augmentation of the maxillary sinus. They lifted the antrum sheath and utilized the dental implants as rods to hold up the membrane to keep up the elevated antrum sheath, with no grafting substance being inserted. The assumption of this research that maintenance of the lifted area allow creation and fixation of the blood clot and consequently osteogenesis in the lifted area.Multiple different studies (37) concluded the adequacy of without graft antrum floor lifting as reliable method for antrum lifting. The chief benefits of this method are that it eliminates any possibility of immunological reaction, decreased expenses, decreased surgical duration, and the absence of any graftation process and therefore, reducing the patient’s morbidity.
Easy graft material was used in group II. It is the first particulate alloplastic bone graft that is designed to be directly syringed into the space to be augmented, hardening into a highly stable, porous scaffold in less than one minute. It is composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate granules coated with a biodegradable polymer called ploylactide – coglycolide (PLAG) which is impregnated with N-methyl–2–pyrrolidone (NMP) liquid activator called Biolinker to form a permeable, highly moldable material which hardens to form a stable, porous Scaffold by ”washing out” the biolinker again from the PLGA- coating by blood-flow or rinsing with saline solution.
The dental implants in both groups got inserted together with the maxillary antrum sheath elevation. Osteogenesis was realized and reported in both groups few months after the surgery. The increased bone density in both categories were found to be of no importance
The amount of new bone formed was detected postoperatively. It was found that the difference between both groups was in significant after 6 months postoperatively.
The results obtained in this research, are in agreement with scientists(38), in 2009 correlated, in a research on animals, the use of various substances as content in sinus augmentation, which are the thrombus , autograft and cow hydroxyllapatite these materials caused osteogenesis. The researchers concludeded that thrombus is a great protein holder, that causes at the beginning a quicker and more osteogenesis.