الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 112 |  |  |
| | | from | 112 | | |
Abstract
Pesticides are a group of chemicals used worldwide predominantly in agriculture and against vectors of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, filariasis, etc. Farm workers are the population who are mostly exposed to pesticide. Egypt is an agricultural country and also a major consumer and producer of pesticides. It is evident that the pesticides not only provide benefits to mankind in the field of agriculture by increasing the productivity and thereby the economy of the farmers but also produce undesirable and unwanted effects of its usage which cannot be ignored. Farmers are the backbone of the Egyptian agricultural economy. They face greater threats from pesticide exposure both acutely and chronically.
OP insecticides are neurotoxic, and the primary mechanism of excitatory action at high doses involves inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, exposure effects of OP pesticides have been reported for several different neurochemical targets associated with neural cell growth and several neurotransmitter systems at doses lower than those inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.
Indeed, some epidemiological studies have suggested potential associations between prenatal exposure to OP pesticides and longer reaction time as well as developmental delay in children. Others have suggested an association between postnatal exposure to OP pesticides and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, poorer short-term memory and attention slower motor speed, and developmental delay in children.
Children are more vulnerable to environmental hazards, including pesticides, than adults because they breathe more air, consume more food, and drink more water than adults do, in proportion to their weight. Moreover, the majority of postnatal neural development occurs during early childhood.
Furthermore, children behave differently from adults and have different patterns of exposure to environmental hazards (hand contact with floors, carpet, lawns, and other surfaces while crawling may lead to enhanced exposure through hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth transfer). Hence, young children may be particularly susceptible to neurotoxic pesticides.
RBC, WBC, monocytes, neutrophils, and MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet count of sprayers show significant alterations compared to controls which can be related to OP pesticide exposure. Similar observation on abnormal haematogical profile viz. haematocrit, RBC, WBC and platelet count was previously reported among pesticide exposed farm workers. Excess risks of chronic Lymphoid Leukemia and Multiple Myleloma have been found in various studies among farmers, and pesticide exposure has been suggested as the cause.
Variations in WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets count was also reported in pesticide exposed population in a study with small sample size. Hematological abnormalities including instances of leukopenia, leucocytosis, lymphocytopenia, lymphocytosis, neutropenia, monocytosis, anaemia and thrombocytopenia were reported in the exposed subjects in the present study. Leukocytosis with abnormal count of lymphocytes and monocytes due to pesticide exposure has been reported in earlier human studies.
The decrease in RBC count and hemoglobin content may be due to disruptive action of the pesticides on the erythropoietic tissue as a result of which the viability of the cells might be affected. In an earlier report, aplastic anaemia was found among farm workers exposed to agricultural pesticides. Hematological alterations observed in this study could be due to exposure of OP pesticides or due to respiratory problems observed among the pesticide sprayers.
This study is designed to explore the effect of organo phosphorous exposure on children living in agricultural areas in Beni Suef environment and its impact on haematological indices
This was a case control stud, was conducted on (90) children between (45) of them exposed to organophosphorous pesticide and other (45) non-exposed to OP toxicity, the included study population were recruited from rural area in Beni-Suef government and Beni- Suef university hospital.
The main findings of the study revealed that:
There was insignificant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards age and sex.
There was insignificant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards Parents education.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards parents work.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards history data.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards eye symptoms.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards respiratory symptoms (sneezing, difficult breathing and wheezing).
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards frequency of cardiac symptoms.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards CNS symptoms.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards Muscle symptoms.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards GIT symptoms.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards urinary symptoms.
There was highly significant difference between exposed and non-dexpose as regards Laboratory data.
There were highly significant difference between exposed and non-exposed as regards frequency of cholinesterase deficiency, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
There was highly association between cholinesterase level and (Hb, RBCs, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC).
Eating unwashed vegetables and rural residence were significant independent risk factors for the development of choline estrase deficiency.
Based on our findings, we recommend for further studies on larger sample size and on large geographical scale to emphasize our conclusion.