الفهرس 
Acute circulatory failure
Hemodynamic monitoring and Fluid responsivenessOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary Early continuous hemodynamic assessment according to cardiac output (CO) is useful in the intensive care unit for monitoring patients with heart failure or shock and for the titration of cardiovascular drugs and fluids. Hemodynamic disturbances are common clinical manifestations in patients with severe sepsis, as well as septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The evaluation of the fluid responsiveness has an important clinical significance in hemodynamic monitoring and management. cardiac output (CO) monitoring is primarily limited to critically ill patients due to its cumbersome and generally invasive nature. The ideal CO monitor would be safe, low-cost, painless, non-invasive, and easy to use and interpret. Additionally, it would allow for the continuous, hands-free acquisition of accurate data. If this ideal CO monitor were developed, it might be more widely used in obstetrics to guide the diagnosis and therapy of both critically ill patients and of patients who may be developing hemodynamic and perfusion problem. This study was conducted to assess the role of end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) monitoring to predict the fluid volume responsiveness in correlation with SVV detected by electrical cardiometry in patients with hemodynamic instability. We recruited 60 patients in our study. All patients were mechanically ventilated and received sedation and muscle relaxation with no spontaneous respiratory effort. When patient developed hypotension