الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 91 dogs of different breeds were used in this study. These dogs aged from 4-24 months old and weighted from 12-15 kg. all these animals were related to different private veterinary clinics in Behera and Alexandria government. These animals were divided into 5 groups according to clinical manifestation as following:
group 1: consists of 15 dogs served as apparently clinically healthy dogs aged from 7-18 months and used as control group.
group 2: consists of 16 dogs aged from 12-24 months and showing signs of diabetes mellitus which include polydipsia and polyuria, weight loss, decreased appetite and cloudy eye.
group 3: consists of 20 dogs aged from 4-7 months suffering from parvo viral infection and showing clinical sings which include lethargy; loss of appetite; abdominal pain and bloating; fever or low body temperature (hypothermia); vomiting, severe, often bloody diarrhea and had positive test results for the commercially available fecal diagnostic test (Antigen rapid CPV kits, Animal Genetics Inc., Suwon, Korea).
group 4: consists of 20 dogs aged from 4-9 months suffering from non-specific diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, mild body weight loss, unfebrile condition, and all dogs were negative to parvoviral test.
group 5: consists of 20 dogs aged from 12-18 months and suffering from respiratory manifestations ranged from coughing, mild fever, nasal discharge, breathing difficulties, nasal congestion, wheezing and blue gum.
Hematological changes in dogs suffering from diabetes, parvovirus infection, diarrhea and those suffering from respiratory manifestation investigated in comparison with apparently clinically healthy dogs. In diabetic dogs there were a significant P ≤ 0.05 increase in the value of total leukocytic count. And significant P ≤ 0.05 increase in neutrophils, eosinophils %, monocytes % and significant P ≤ 0.05 decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes.
In parvoviral infected dogs there were a significant P ≤ 0.05 decrease in PCV%, total leucocytic count, eosinophils %, lymphocytes % and monocytes %.
Regarding dogs which are suffering from diarrhea, there were a significant P ≤ 0.05 decrease in the value of packed cell volume and lymphocytes %. And significant P ≤ 0.05 increase in the value of total leucocytic count, neutrophils % and eosinophils %. While in dogs suffering from respiratory manifestation, there were a significant P ≤ 0.05 increase in the value of total leucocytic count and significant P ≤ 0.05 decrease in the value of lymphocytes %.
Serum biochemical analysis:
1. Healthy control dogs (group 1):
Biochemical analysis of serum obtained from group 1 (control) revealed that the mean ± values of SAA, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, CRP, albumin, AST, ALT, glucose, and insulin were, 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/l, 14.73 ± 0.92 mg/l, 97.20 ± 0.74 µ/l, 3.84 ± 0.06 mg/l, 3.9 ± 0.02 gm/dl, 16.33 ± 0.49 µ/l, 21.33 ± 0.21 µ/l, 100.33 ± 0.64 mg/dl and 10.97 ± 0.16 µIU/l, respectively. Table (3) and figures (1-7).
2. Diabetic group:
Table (3) and figures from 1-7 showing the mean values of SAA, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, CRP, albumin, ALT, AST, glucose and insulin concentration in healthy and diabetic dogs, where there was a significant (P< 0.05) increases in the values of SAA, ceruloplasmin, CRP, AST, ALT, glucose and significant (P< 0.05) decreases in the values of haptoglobin, albumin and insulin in diabetic dogs in comparison with healthy control dogs.
3. Parvoviral enteritis group:
Table (3) and figures from 1-7 showing the concentration of SAA, Haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, CRP, Albumin, ALT and AST in healthy and parvoviral infected dogs were a significant (P<0.05) increase were recorded in the value of SAA, Haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, CRP and the activities of AST and ALT, while the value of albumin was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in comparison with control group.
4. Non-specific diarrhetic group:
Concerning the result of acute phase protein and enzymatic activities in dogs suffering from non-specific diarrhea, there were a significant (P<0.05) increased in the value of ceruloplasmin, CRP and ALT, while the value of SAA, haptoglobin, albumin and AST showed non-significant (P<0.05) increase when compared with the value of control group. Table (3) and figures from 1-7.
5. Respiratory manifestations group:
Regarding the biochemical analysis of dogs suffering from respiratory disorders as shown in table (3) and figures from (1-7) there were a significant (P<0.05) increases in the value of SAA, HP, Ceruloplasmin, CRP and ALT activity. While there are no significant changes were recorder in the concentration of Albumin and AST activity.
Conclusions:
from the previous results we can conclude that:
1- Increased production of positive acute phase proteins and decreased production of negative phase proteins (albumin) is a sensitive indicator of inflammation.
2- It is likely that APPs will be increasingly used in the future in the diagnosis and prognosis of both companion and farm animal disease.
3- Hypoalbuminemia, with increased activities of both ALT and AST making hepatocellular damage likely.
4- Hypoalbuminemia, and the activities of ALT and AST are within normal limits, making hepatocellular damage unlikely.
5- Elevation of AST activity with normal ALT activity indicate that hepatocyte destruction is excluded but muscle damage is possible.
6-Acute phase proteins quickly and precisely demonstrate the presence of infectious and inflammatory conditions, but not the cause.
7- Elevation of APPs without obvious clinical signs might indicate subclinical infection or inflammatory condition
8- In dogs with diabetes mellitus type 1, there is increase in PAPPs