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Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic and pervasive condition that begins in childhood and is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. ADHD usually leads to difficulties of adaptation in family environment, school, and in the relationships with peers. Children affected with ADHD show deficits in emotion regulation, inattention and behavioral inhibition and parents of children with ADHD suffer from high levels of parenting stress. There are Numerous researches have been published regarding stress, sources of stress and impact of stress on parents. however, little research exists regarding how to manages stress and improve their parent-child relationship under stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mindful parenting training for parents with children having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on parenting stress. Research hypothesis - The parents who will participate in mindful parenting training (study group) will have lower mean scores of parenting stress after implementation of the mindful parenting training than parents who don’t receive the mindful parenting training (control group). Sample: A purposive sample of 100 parents (mother or father) of children with ADHD who attending psychiatric outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospital and fit the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. A-Inclusion criteria were: The parents (mother or father) who had a child between 5 and 12 years old with diagnoses of ADHD or with Summary - 105 - symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, agree to participate in the study B-Exclusion criteria were: - A child suffering from mental retardation or other major neurological and mental disorders, Any history of chronic physical illness e.g. Diabetes mellitus or others. Because these illnesses may lead to stress and will interfere with the results. Design: A Quazi - experimental research design two group (study and control group pre/ posttest) was used to achieve the purpose of the study Setting: This study was conducted at the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospital at Shebin El-kom District, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. The following tools were used to fulfill the aims of the study: Tool (1): -A structured interview questionnaire: This questionnaire was developed by the researcher to assess socio- demographic characteristics of the parents. Tool (2): Parenting Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-SF): This scale was developed by Abidin (1995) to measure the parenting stress Tool (3): - Interpersonal mindfulness in parenting (IM-P) scale: This scale was originally developed by Duncan (2007) to assess mindful parenting. Summary - 106 - The main findings of the study revealed the following: There was a highly statistically significant reduction in the mean score of total parenting stress and subscale of parenting stress among study group than control group after intervention There was a significant reduction in parenting stress level among study group post intervention than pre intervention; There was a highly statistically significant difference between mean score of study and control group regarding their mindfulness after intervention. There was statistically significant elevation in the mean score of total interpersonal mindfulness in parenting and its sub scales among study group after nursing intervention than before nursing intervention. There was statistically significant improvement in the level of mindfulness in parenting of study group after intervention than pre intervention. There was a statistically significant relationship between parenting stress and both of School type, gender of child, father education, and residence in pretest. There was a highly statistically significant relation between parenting stress and both of child’s age and age of parents in posttest. There was a highly statistically significant relation between parenting stress and both of number of siblings, mother education and family income in pre and posttest. There was highly statistically significant relation between child behavioral problem and parenting stress in pre and posttest. Summary - 107 - There was highly statistically significant relation between mindfulness and both of mother job and family income (post intervention). There was statistically significant relation between mindfulness and child behavioral problems pre intervention. There was statistically significant negative correlation between number of sibling and stress level post intervention among the study group There was highly statistically significant positive correlation between mindfulness levels and both of father &mother age among the study group after nursing intervention. There was highly statistically significant negative correlation between total stress level and mindfulness after intervention. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study: It was concluded that: The Mindful parenting training has a positive effect on reducing stress level and improving level of mindfulness of parents with children having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Recommendation Based on the findings of the present study, it could be recommended that: 1. Screening for high-risk parents should be done and referral when necessary. 2. Mindful parenting training should be incorporated into current treatment guidelines as a psychosocial option for families with ADHD 3. Establishment of an educational program for parents to help them deal effectively with their ADHD children to prevent developing of behavioral problems 4. Increasing public awareness about parenting stress, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the multiple consequences of having ADHD children In further research: 1. Evaluating the effects of Mindfulness based intervention program on the behavioral problems of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 2. Future research is recommended for evaluating the effects of Mindful parenting training program on the mothers’ coping, Quality of Life, parenting satisfaction, psychological well-being 3. Replication of the study using a larger sample in different correctional settings for further confirmation and generalizability |