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Abstract Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most common and costly of all hospital-acquired infections. Resections of colonic and rectal segments have been associated with the highest rates of SSI amongst. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a relatively new treatment option which considered in our study to decrease surgical nosocomial events in elective paediatric colorectal procedures in comparison with the standard wound care. A randomized control study was conducted in paediatric surgery department. Lower statistical difference of infection frequency in NPWT group comparing to standard wound care group was revealed. A prospective randomized control single blind (patient) trial was conducted in paediatric surgery department at Ain Shams University, Cairo, and Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt hospitals in a period of two years. Simple randomization (tables) method was used to enroll patient younger than twelve years old who had post colorectal procedures (closure of stoma, primary resection & anastomosis of bowels). Immunocompromised, chronic ill debilitated and patient with bowel perforation on table were excluded from the study. Sociodemographic data, clinical examination and preoperative investigation were obtained for all included patients. Postoperative follow up was maintained to assess the incidence of SSI within 30 days of surgery according to CDC criteria of SSI. Secondary outcomes assessed will include the follow up of the surgical site infection to assess and evaluate its condition, drain and culture of its discharges. Additional secondary outcomes assessed will include the length of hospital stay. We enrolled 300 children who underwent a colorectal procedure. The study population was randomly allocated into two groups: group A: standard wound care (n=150), group B: negative pressure wound care (n=150). There was no statistical difference among the different group according to baseline characteristics and lab investigation. There was no statistical difference among the different group according to the surgical procedures. There was significant difference between the two groups according the frequency of infection (P value >0.001). Also, subgroup analysis regarding to the age group showed significant difference according to the frequency of the complication. Regarding hospitalization, there was statistical difference of the duration of hospitalization (P value 0.001). there was no statistical difference among the different group according to the frequency of infection, and results of culture of the discharged infection. Our study concluded that NPWT use in the colorectal surgical procedure in pediatric has beneficial in the setting of decrease the incidence of SSI and the need for hospital stay post-surgery |