الفهرس 
Chapter (1): IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of steel beams with web openings (SBWOs) such as in industrial and
multistoried buildings has evicted to be wide in recent times. This thesis presented
results of an investigation of the behavior of SBWOs, also presented results of an
investigation of the behavior of strengthened SBWOs using different strengthening
materials. The objectives of this work are investigating the structural performance
of the SBWOs in the shear zones and identifying the methods that give the large
recovery of strength and stiffness of the beams with web openings in the shear zone.
Also, identify the optimum places of applying the strengthening elements.
A verification of a finite element model using ANSYS version 15 (2009) [20] using
six of steel beams were presented to ensure the accurate of the model. The studied
variables were; openings shape, number of openings, openings height and the three
types of strengthening methods. A steel beam without openings and three beams
with web openings were manufactured and tested,. Also, three SBWOs were
strengthened using GFRP wrap and two SBWOs were strengthened using steel
plates. Six SBWOs were strengthened by CFRP laminates.
The results present that the beams with circular openings are better than those with
rectangular openings and opening height is an important parameter. The
strengthening with steel plates increased the ultimate load by a small value
comparing with strengthening with composite material. The composite material is a
right strengthening selection in the shear and tension zone. Increasing composite
material thickness is comparatively useless, where most of the time the failure is due
to de-bonding (adhesive material) and is not a rupture in composite material
laminates. CFRP strengthening benefits over usual methods such as applying steel
plate and GFRP where CFRP.