الفهرس 
Clinical indication
Women with cancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Endometrioma is a cyst that forms when endometrial tissue grows in the ovarian epithelium. Endometriomas are also known as ―brown cysts,‖ which benign ovarian cysts are containing thick, old blood that appears as brown liquid. Endometrioma is one form of manifestation of endometriosis. Ovarian endometriomas are present in 17% to 44% of women with endometriosis, and are often associated with infertility and pelvic pain. Treatment options in case of an endometrioma include expectant management, medical treatment, surgical treatment, or in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in case of associated infertility. Surgery is generally indicated in case of associated pain when medical treatment fails, or when the cyst shows non-reassuring features or fast growth at sonography. Surgery may also be considered in case of infertility if the patient complains also of associated pain symptoms, on which IVF is not effective. When surgery is indicated, the preferred approach should be complete cyst excision by laparoscopy, since cyst excision is associated with better results in terms of postoperative pain relief, pregnancy rates, and cyst recurrence rates compared to non-excisional techniques. Serum AMH levels in women with endometrioma tend to be low due to chronic inflammatory processes and massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in the ovaries. The greater the volume of endometrioma cysts, the greater the volume and damage to the ovaries. The mechanism underlying low AMH serum levels and decreased ovarian reserve is the presence of this inflammatory process andimmunomodulating abnormalities associated with toxic endometrioma conditions. The inflammatory process causes follicular damage and dysfunction so that the quality and quantity of the follicle is also reduced