الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Egypt is primarily an agricultural country, and its agricultural production mainly depends on irrigation to grow different crops and farmers irrigate their crops using surface flood irrigation method, which leads to waste a huge amount of water out the effective crop root zone during irrigation process. In this context low efficiency of surface irrigation is one of the major problems, which causes losses of fresh water resources used for irrigation. Recently, the situation has changed, irrigation water is becoming scarce, in the time being Egypt suffers a sharp shortage of water for different uses (human consumption, industries and irrigation purposes) This fact might well be aggravated in the nearest future. Therefore, the available water resources need to be used more efficiently. It is crucial to improve water productivity by increasing the crop yields or minimizing water losses or manage both parameters using efficient and innovative techniques to save large amounts of water necessary for land reclamation projects, which need to cultivate areas to face the rapidly population growth, where there are a wide gap between local production of food and consumption. Bed-planting may offere a better irrigation techniques for growing different crops with several advantages. Wheat crop is considered the most important economic crop in Egypt. It is planted in basins and irrigated by flood irrigation method which causes increased irrigation losses and shortage in grain yield. The objectives of this study were to a) study the impact of planting method on irrigation efficiency and wheat grain yield, b) study the impact of seed bed preparation systems on irrigation efficiency and wheat grain yield and c) identify the optimum flow rate for each row to improve irrigation efficiency and wheat grain yield.