الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 257 |  |  |
| | | from | 257 | | |
Abstract
Background: Blindness may create formidable social and psychological problems for the children having blindness. These problems cause implications for the integration of the children having blindness into a sighted society, for the coping and adjustment of the blind, and for the attitudes of the sighted. Aim: The aim of the study was to physical, social and psychological challenges facing children having blindness. Design: Descriptive research design was used. Setting: Data was collected from El-Nor and El-Amal school for children having blindness Helioplis, Cairo. Sample: Purposive sample included 60 blind child. Tools for collecting data of the present study included the following: 1. An interview questionnaire to assess children knowledge about blindness and challenges among children with blindness (physical, social). 2.A- Scale to assess social challenges that facing blind children (loneliness scale, scholastic achievement scale). B- Scale to assess psychological challenges among children with blindness (anxiety scale, self-esteem scale, self-image scale). Results: the study findings showed that, regarding level of the studied children’s physical challenges 45% of them had mild challenges, 31.7% of them had moderate challenges and 23.3% of them had severe challenges. Regarding level of social challenges, 28.3% the studied children’s had mild challenges, 40% of them had moderate challenges and 19% of them had severe challenges. Regarding level of psychological challenges facing the children having blindness, 38.3% of the studied children’s had mild challenges, 33.3% of them had moderate challenges and 28.3%of them had severe challenges. Conclusion: The majority of the children having blindness had mild physical challenges, moderate social challenges and mild psychological challenges and there are positive relation between children having blindness and their physical, social and psychological challenges. Recommendation: The study recommended to encouraging children having blindness to participate in sports and recreational programs.