الفهرس 
Liver cancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. It is responsible for approximately one million deaths every year. The rate of HCC is increasing worldwide from 3% to 9% annually. The prognosis of HCC generally is very poor as patients with HCC usually are asymptomatic until later stages, Less than 5% of symptomatic patients surviving more than 2 years due to its rapid infiltrating power which leads to complicating liver cirrhosis. More than 80 % of HCC cases occur in developing countries. Areas of particularly high incidence are Eastern and South-eastern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. According to recent reports, the incidence of HCC has increased sharply in the last decade, especially in Egypt, where there has been a doubling of the incidence rate during the last 10 years. This sharp rise has been attributed to several biological factors (e.g. hepatitis B and C virus infection), consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxins and exposure to environmental toxins associated with HCC but many other factors, such as cigarette smoking, occupational exposure to chemicals (e.g. pesticides) and endemic infections in the community (e.g. Schistosomiasis) may also contribute to the etiology or progression of the disease.