الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study was conducted at Assuit University Hospitals between June 2018 and July 2020 and included 80 patients (3-8 years, ASA I-II). Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups; 40 patients each underwent repair of rupture globe under general anesthesiaWritten consent and emergency resuscitation equipment including airway devices, pediatric advanced life support drugs were available. General anesthesia (GA) was conducted and was standardized for all patients in both groups using 100% O2 with fresh gas flow of 6 L/min and sevoflurane with increments of 1 MAC at each breath up to 8 MAC with appropriate size face mask. Parents were allowed to be present and collaborate during facemask induction and then were asked to leave the theater when their children closed their eyes. Intraoperative monitoring included ECG, pulse oximetry, non- invasive blood pressure, capnography and temperature probe. After intravenous access securing, infusion of normal saline 0.9% solution 4 ml/kg/h was started, followed by standard fluid maintenance therapy according to the patient’s weight. Endotracheal intubation with appropriate size to the patient’s age was performed after administration of 2 mg/kg propofol and nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg in group A. After orotracheal intubation, assisted mechanical ventilation using Ayre’s T-piece was used to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide at 35±5 mmHg. GA was maintained with 2-3 MAC sevoflurane. At the end of surgery and just before discontinuation of sevoflurane and extubation, IV nalbuphine was injected as 0.1 mg/kg in group B. Sevoflurane administration was discontinued immediately afternalbuphine injection, the fresh gas flow was increased to 8 L/min with 100% oxygen, and the patient was extubated after ensuring adequate orogastric suction. After extubation, patients were transferred directly to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) where parents were allowed to stay with their children in a quiet and warm environment without any stimulus