الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chitosan is chemically very reactive polymer due to the presence of amine and hydroxyl groups in its structure. Chitosan has many attractive applications in the field of biotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, and antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial strains due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. These properties support chitosan as potential for different applications.
The study in this thesis involves the development of existing physico- chemical properties of chitosan by chemical modification using heterocyclic compounds at different reaction conditions and evaluation of the new chitosan hydrogels or derivatives for different applications.
The thesis is divided into two parts:
Part (1)
The target of the study in this part was the modification of chitosan hydrogel by heterocyclic compound 2-([4-[(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ylimino)- methyl]phenyl]methyleneamino)isoindoline-1,3-dione (3) for the improvem- ent of the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan.
1. Preparation of 2-([4-[(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ylimino)methyl]phenyl]- methyleneamino)isoindoline-1,3-dione (3)
2-([4-[(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-ylimino)methyl]phenyl]methyleneami- no)isoindoline-1,3-dione (3) was prepared by the reaction of N-aminophthal- imide (1) with terephthaldehyde (2) via Schiff base formation (Scheme 1).