الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary Textile printing involved in textile industry pollutes heavily the water due to unfixed color, thickening agent, and other ingredients of the printing paste which are washed off of the fabric into waste-water(3), Concern of environment has, therefore, created an increasing interest in ecofriendly thickeners. It is almost certain that thickeners based Galactomannan gums which is extracted from natural seeds are friendlier to the environment than synthetic thickeners.
Galactomannans are polysaccharides consisting of a mannose backbone with galactose side groups (more specifically, a (1-4)-linked beta-D-mannopyranose backbone with branch points from their 6-positions linked to alpha-D-galactose, (i.e. 1-6-linked alpha-D-galactopyranose).
With a views increasing the number of Mannose-to-galactose ratio, mention is made of:
• Fenugreek gum, Mannose: Galactose ~1:1
• Guar gum, Mannose: Galactose ~2:1 In the present work Galactomannan gums were extracted from two seeds (Fenugreek, Guar) gums.
In the current study green modifications of Galactomannan were carried out using three different enzymes (Laccase, Catalase, and Cellulase. Enzymes in addition to Brewer yeast. These modifications are used as an alternative to the classical chemical modifications eg. (carboxymethylation,cationization,), such modifications develops mild and controllable ecofriendly biochemical processing. The work were extend to two main chapters.
The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows:
1- All the samples using different mordents with Turmeric dye or Rhubarb natural dye are characterized by K/S that is higher than that of the blank sample (modified without mordant)and the native Fenugreek gum no matter of the type of modification nor the kind of fabric used.
2- All the samples using different mordents with Henna dye or Rubbia natural dye are characterized by K/S that is higher than that of blank sample (modified no matter of the type of modification nor the kind of fabric used.
3- It is remarkable that alum mordant shows the lowest K/S value of all kinds of natural dyes used at the present work which are (Turmeric, Rhubarb, Henna and Rubbia) dyes while applying it on both wool and silk fabric with both modified Fenugreek and Guar gums.
4- The mordant activity sequence for the wool fabric with modified Fenugreek gum was Potassium dichromate> copper sulphate> Potassium dichromate> Alum respectively.
5- The mordant activity sequence for the silk fabric with modified Fenugreek gum was copper sulphate> Potassium dichromate> Alum respectively.
6- It is obvious that while using acid dyes with modified Fenugreek gum gives k/s totally higher than using natural dyes.
7- Laccase enzyme (3%) concentration shows the higher K/S of Acid dyes comparing with laccase enzyme (6%) on both wool and silk fabric.
8- Generally the K/S of acid dyes with modified fenugreek gum whether using (Laccase and Catalase) enzyme for modification on wool fabric is higher than the K/S of Acid dyes on silk fabric.
9- While modifying Guar gum with any type of modification using Henna natural dye extract on wool fabric the mordents are following that order copper sulphate> potassium di chromate> Alum respectively, while using the same mordants and dye and the same modification on silk fabric the mordants was following that order Potassuim di chromate >Copper sulphate > alum.