الفهرس 
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Abstract
A primary aim of pediatric dentists is to repair the early demineralized enamel without intervention through remineralization. Efforts have been made to achieve this with minimal costs and intervention. The current study evaluated the remineralization potential of fluoridated toothpaste with SHMP of different concentrations on demineralized enamel of primary teeth compared to fluoridated toothpaste.
Deciduous teeth were selected due to the lack or scarcity of research that focused on remineralization in primary teeth. Fifty six (56) freshly extracted sound anterior deciduous teeth about to be replaced were selected.
They were divided into four groups regarding the concentrations of SHMP added to 400 ppm F containing tooth paste. Three groups contained (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) respectively and a control group without SHMP.
Specimens were brushed every day three times daily with the toothpastes and exposed to pH cycling for 5 days then a remineralizing solution for additional 2 days. Specimens were evaluated using ESEM with EDX and Digital Radiographic Density Analysis at baseline, after demineralization and after remineralization.
Baseline values: the results revealed that the mean and SD values for calcium content were (58.21±0.71), (57.91±0.90), (58.19±0.57) and (57.80±0.79) for group (1),(2), (3) and (4) respectively where the difference was not significant where (p>0.05). figure (10)
After remineralization: the mean values were (48.93±0.64), (50.73±0.79), (53.91±0.72) and (55.45±0.82) for group (1), (2), (3) and (4) respectively. Table (2), figure (9). Figures (11,12,13,14)
Regarding the phosphate contents, the results obtained and revealed that, at the baseline results the mean and SD value were (16.52±0.21), (16.72±0.31), (16.78±0.38) and (16.60±0.27) (p>0.05) for the groups (1),(2), (3) and (4) there was no statistically significant difference.
After remineralization: A statistically significant difference was found between the groups (1),(2), (3) and (4), where the mean and SD value for the groups (1),(2), (3) and (4) (13.67±0.23), (13.78±0.19), (15.82±0.14) and (16.66±0.26). There was a statistically significant difference between (group 1) and (group 3) and (group 4) respectively (p<0.001).
Baseline values: The results revealed that the mean and SD values were (47.42±0.39), (47.35±0.43), (47.57±0.45) and (47.64±0.49) for group (1),(2), (3) and (4)respectively where the differences were not significant statistically (p>0.05).
After remineralization: the mean and SD values were (36.44±0.30), (37.26±0.19), (39.60±0.53) and (42.55±0.35) for groups (1),(2), (3) and (4)respectively.
Using ESEM after demineralization, surface showed roughness and increase in the enamel porosity, as compared to baseline samples. After remineralization the enamel surface became smoother with less pores and surface deposits compared to the topography after demineralization. With the higher concentration of SHMP (1%), smoother surface was obtained and the pores were closed, the surface topography was similar to baseline.
Therefore, teeth treated with SHMP showed marked remineralization effect than those treated with fluoride alone. Increasing the concentration of SHMP from 0.25, 0.5 to 1%, associated with increased the remineralizing effect and the best concentration was 1%.