الفهرس 
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Abstract
”Synopsis in Englis : This thesis introduces a critical analytical study of three selected novels ; Burger ’s Daughter (1979) by the South African feminist novelist, and Nobel prize winner, Nadine Gordimer , and Second- Class Citizen (1974) and The Slave Girl (1976) By the Nigerian feminist advocate Buchi Emecheta . The study attempts to investigate that despite the three novels’ different cultures and communities, the feminist message in them all remains to a great extent, the same. Women are portrayed as mere victims of their patriarchal societies. They are muted subalterns who are obliged by the domineering forces to surrender to their owners. They always take the secondary roles in their patriarchal societies. The study also gives great importance to the use of the feminist and psychoanalytic approaches to examine the inner miseries of these muted subalterns. The study indicates such a close relation between these two approaches in tackling the feminine darkness inside the domineering structures. In both societies, the Nigerian and the South African, women suffer from real oppression and subjugation practiced by male chauvinism that is totally supported and forced by the cultural norms of their societies . The two novelists portray their rebellious heroines as battling against every symbol of subjugation and domination . They spare no effort from the very beginning till the end of the story to defend their rights and change their static positions that are designated by the oppressive forces of their patriarchal societies . This thesis falls into an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion : Chapter One Feminism and Psychoanalysis Two Major Schools Intertwined in African Literature, attempts to clarify the different notions of Psychoanalysis and Feminism as two theories ; their historical backgrounds, their development and also the relationship between the two approaches, the emergence of “Psychoanalytic Feminism””, and the role of feminism and psychoanalysis in literature, and the significant role of memory in Black women’s narratives. Chapter Two, Nadine Gordimer’s Burger’s Daughter as a South African Feminist Rebellion . This chapter concentrates on using the feminist and psychoanalytic approach in clarifying the feminine miseries inside the South African society. Burger’s Daughter(1979) is Gordimer’s masterpiece novel where the writer tends to respond to the different political, social, and economic challenges posed by the Black Consciousness Movement through its real examination to the radical ideologies of the white liberals .Through many different incidents within the story, Gordimer indicates that the white traditions of revolution does not match the reality of the South – African ideologies. Gordimer sketches Rosa, her protagonist, concentrating on the conflicts between her inner and outer realities to clarify the real tension between the White and Black ideologies. Although the narrative seems to concentrate on Rosa’s inner conflict, it also signifies clearly the complex social, political, racial, and economic context of the South African community, in which Radicalism has been defined radically, resisting and rejecting White liberalism and any black/ white alliance in the struggle against apartheid. But at the end, the writer succeeds to create a kind of harmony, a sisterhood between black and white women who are involved in the struggle against the hegemonic taboos of the white ideologies. Chapter Three, Women’s Suffering in Emecheta’s Second-Class Citizen & The Slave Girl from a Feminist- Psychoanalytic Perspective. This chapter focuses on the different portrayals of the miserable Nigerian women as being the mere victims of their patriarchal societies . Through the employing of the heroines, the study illustrate how our novelist, first as a woman second as a Nigerian citizen, is totally against the patriarchal ideologies of her community. As a diasporic writer, she emphasizes the real experience of the black female ”