الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There is a noteworthy desire recently in late years amongst industrial sectors towards the implementation of medium temperature solar thermal applications. There are solar concentrating systems that already can properly perform and operate in industrial applications when temperature ranges between 120 °C and 450 °C, taking the benefits of their two major characteristics, sun light focusing, and high thermal and optical performance. There is an existing energy crisis in the oil and gas sector, because of the energy losses of fuel consumption especially in heating systems. Refineries, Petrochemicals and Fertilizers plants waste different forms of energy such as fuel and electricity, and this consequently lead to an obvious reduction in the industry’s net profit. As Egypt is blessed with geographic location in the Sun Belt area with 325 days of sun throughout the whole year, the solar energy can definitely be efficiently utilized as potential energy resource that could diminish the overconsumption of fuel and the dangerous emissions of CO2. This thesis introduces a new technique of heating the feed process gas before entering the primary reformer in ammonia synthesis plants; this new technique is the utilization of a solar energy heating system. Firstly, a process of fine selection of the most convenient solar system that can be used for the implementation of such applications. The predictions of the thermal losses and optical efficiency of four different mathematical designs have been computerized and analyzed for comparison based on numerical data and practical comparison using real input data from experimental and actual solar plants. Secondly, studying and selecting the most valuable energy saving opportunity in the ammonia [Steam Reforming] plant to be integrated with the solar thermal system. After that, we sized and simulate each major part for the proposed system so that we can calculate the economical prefeasibility study and count all the profitable industrial and environmental benefits. The results show that the payback period is 3.7 years, which make it so attractive to be valid in such practical oil and gas different fields.