الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Aim of the study
To evaluate the effects of staining solutions on the color stability and surface roughness of different provisional resin materials.
Materials and methods
A total of one hundred and fife specimens (105) specimens fabricated from 5 provisional resin materials (3conventional provisional restoration materials and 2 CAD/CAM provisional restoration materials). The 105 specimens were divided into 5 groups according to type of provisional restorations twenty one test specimens for each group (N=21).Each material group specimens subdivided into 3 sub-groups according to coloring solutions (n=7) one group immersed in artificial saliva, the second in coffee solution and the third in mouth wash. Baseline color measurements, using spectrophotometer then after 2 and 4 weeks to measure color change (ΔE) by means of the CIE L*a*b* system. Surface roughness also were measured using profilometer for all specimens before and after immersion in staining solutions.
Results
For parametric data; repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to study the effect of provisional material, immersion media, time and their interaction on mean ΔE and surface roughness.
In Color change (ΔE) the results showed that provisional material regardless of immersion media and time had a statistically significant effect on mean ΔE. Immersion media regardless of provisional material and time had a statistically significant effect on mean ΔE. Time regardless of provisional material and immersion media had a statistically significant effect on mean ΔE. The interaction between the three variables had a statistically significant effect on mean ΔE indicating that the variables are dependent upon each other. Change in surface roughness (ΔRa), in Comparison between provisional materials: After immersion in the three solutions, there was a statistically significant difference between mean ΔRa of provisional materials, all materials showed significant increase in ΔRa, but BreCam multiCOM showed significant decrease in ΔRa. In Comparison between immersion media With Protemp4, Tempron, Vita CAD temp as well as breCAM.multiCOM; there was no statistically significant difference between mean ΔRa of immersion media, but with Tuff temp; there was a statistically significant difference between mean ΔRa of immersion media.
Conclusions
Within the limitation of this study, the following conclusions could be drawn:
1. Type of provisional restorative materials, staining solutions and immersion times are factors that affect color stability of the five provisional restorative materials tested.
2. Type of provisional restorative materials was the only effect factor for surface roughness, so choosing type of material must be the interest regarding to smoothness.
3. Under the conditions of this study, CAD/CAM provisional materials were more color stable and less change in surface roughness compared to manually conventional type in exception of protemp4 that showed values very close or similar to CAD/CAM materials.
4. BreCAM.multiCOM was the only material that showed decrease in surface roughness after immersion, while others were increase.
5. Coffee had the most effect in color changes.
Recommendation for clinician
Type of provisional restorative material is the first choice during selection of material to have more color stable restoration.
Obtaining very smooth surface must be done to decrease color change in provisional restorations.
As much instruct patient lowering amount of coloring beverage during treatment especially coffee.
Using CAD/CAM provisional materials in prolonged time of treatment due to its excellent properties regarding color and surface smoothness.
Recommendation for further studies
Using various type of staining solutions to evaluate color stability and surface roughness as provisional materials may be exposed to various other food-staining substances in the oral environment.
Other factors could be analyzed also influence the degree of total color change including thermal cycling, abrasion, bacterial enzymes, proteins, and different polishing techniques.