الفهرس 
صفحة العنوانOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Groundwater is water that accumulates underground it can exist in spaces between loose particles of dirt and rock, or in cracks and crevices in rocks. Different types of rocks and dirt can contain different amounts of water. The top of the saturated zone is called the water table.
Some areas depend on groundwater as a main source, especially in Sohag Governorate. Groundwater pollution occurs through sewage, industrial drainage, agricultural drainage, dissolving rocks near the groundwater well or heavy metals in water. A heavy metal can be defined as any metallic chemical element having a density greater than 5g/cm3 and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), Their concentrations in aquatic environments have increased due to mining and industrial activities and geochemical processes and also some heavy metals (e.g. copper, selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human body. However, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoning. There are many techniques used to remove iron from surface water as well as groundwater, such as ion exchange, activated carbon, reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, electrolysis, biological treatment, processing limestone, oxidation by aeration followed by chlorination, ozono treatment followed by filtration, other filter materials and by adsorption.
Adsorbents materials may be classified as natural and synthetic materials.
The present thesis is divided into three main chapters, each of which can be summarized as follows:
Chapter I:
The first part of the thesis contains an introduction to groundwater and its importance as well as the problems that are exposed to it such as pollution and the effects of these pollutants on humans and their livelihood. Methods used to treat water were mentioned