الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Prolonged or sever NEB status greatly affects the reproductive events in dairy cows as the incidence of RP, the incidence of metritis, the resumption of ovarian activity, the quality of the oocytes, the conception rate, and the ability of the cow to maintain pregnancy.
The present study was designed to evaluate the prepartum and postpartum serum concentration of negative energy balance indicators (NEFA and BHBA) in cows that had different reproductive indices. Additionally, we compared the prepartum and postpartum serum concentration of the NEFA and BHBA in cows suffered from postpartum problems as (dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, and endometritis) with that observed in cows that didn’t suffer from the previous conditions.
Fifty-six cows that delivered during summer and autumn were followed up starting from day 260 of pregnancy till day 220 after parturition., Blood samples were collected on the day 260 of pregnancy, and on the day 20 and 30 postpartum to follow up the NEB status through estimating the serum concentration of NEFA and BHBA.
The BCS of the cows was estimated by visual inspection depending on the five-point system on the day 260 of pregnancy and the day 30 postpartum. The level of BCS loss between the two examinations was calculated. The serum concentration of the progesterone was estimated on days 30 and 40 postpartum to evaluate the resumption of ovarian activity. The occurrence ofdystocia, retained placenta, metritis and endometritis between days 25-30 postpartum were recorded.
For the first postpartum insemination, cows were treated with Presynch-Ovsynch protocol. For subsequent inseminations, cows showed estrus signs before the schedule time of pregnancy diagnosis were re-inseminated. Cows that did not return to estrus were examined for pregnancy diagnosis at day 40 post-insemination by transrectal palpation. Cows that define as non-pregnant at pregnancy diagnosis were assigned to Ovsynch protocol. In all situation cows were inseminated artificially by qualified inseminators. This protocol was repeated till conception or up to day 220 after parturition. The number of service per conception and days open were calculated.