الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study spot a light, on a possible use of melatonin in clinical application to control DS related pathological features when it applied early on young children patients (neonates). Melatonin was significantly down-regulated the level of SOD, H2O2, MDA, TNF-α, AB-42 and glutamate levels in serum of young children DS patients, It also enhance CAT, GPX, TAC enzymes GABA level in a way that protect cells from oxidative stress induced breakage. The results were summarized as follows : DS children are undergo systemic pro-oxidant condition in their blood as the presence of gene dosage effects. This study aim to enhance antioxidant enzymes and reduce inflammation. The data show significant decrease in the SOD activity during treatment while there is significant increase in CAT, GPX,TAC during treatment with significant decrease at the ratio of SOD/ (GPX+CAT). The withdrawal group remain lower than untreated group. In order to test the effect of melatonin to trisomy 21children related oxidative stress, oxidative stress markers were measured to DS children. The data show significant decrease at MDA, H2O2 during treatment. The withdrawal group seems to be insignificant change from untreated group. In order to determine the mechanism of action through which melatonin showed its anti-inflammatory effect, the data show significant decrease at TNF-a, AB42 during treatment while there is significant increase at IL-10 levels during treatment. The withdrawal group seems to be insignificant change from untreated group. Furthermore, melatonin showed a remarkable significant effect on neurotransmitters inducing significant increase at GABA level during treatment while there is significant decrease at glutamate level during treatment. The withdrawal group seems to be significantly higher in GABA content and lower content of glutamate compared to untreated group.