الفهرس 
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Abstract
nychomycosis is a fungal nail infection caused by dermatophytes, NDMs, and yeast. Its prevalence worldwide is 5.5%, accounting for 50% of nail disease. Currently available techniques for diagnosis of onychomycosis are direct microscopy, fungal culture, histopathology, molecular biology, and combinations of these techniques. The aim of this study was to identify the mycological etiology of onychomycosis, antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolated fungi and recognizing the most associated risk factor for onychomycosis.
Between 68 patients included in the study; the mean age of the patients was 38.15±12.31. The majority of the patients were house wives females. The most common clinical type detected was candidal onychomycosis followed by DLSO and TDO. Fingernail onychomycosis was the commonest type. Frequent immersion of hands and feet in water was the most common risk factor associated with patients with onychomycosis.
There was no significant difference between KOH and culture results. In candidal onychomycosis cases; the most common isolated fungi were candida followed by mixed infection followed by molds then dermatophytes. In DLSO and TDO cases; the most common isolated fungi were molds followed by candida followed by mixed infection then dermatophyes.
T. rubrum was the most common dermatophyte detected among dermatophytes isolated. Asperiillus spp. were the most common isolated molds. There were 15 cases with mixed infections, most of them of candida clinical type. These cases were most commonly caused by candida and molds. Concerning antifungal sensitivity of isolated fungi; most of candidal isolates showed sensitivity to fluconazole and itraconazole with resistance of some isolates. Nearly all isolated candida showed resistance to terbinafine and griseofulvin.
Regarding molds sensitivity to terbinafine, most of asperigillus species, penicillium, mucor, showed sensitivity to terbinafine with presence of resistant strains, with sensitivity of curvularia, 50% sensitivity of scopulariopsis and resistance of alternaria. Concerning molds sensitivity to itraconazole; all asperigillus spp. and alternaria and curvularia were sensitive to itraconazle, most of penicillium and mucor isolated were sensitive to itraconazole with presence of resistant strains and scopulariopsis showed 50% sensitivity. All molds isolated were resistant to fluconazole and grisofulvin.
As regarding isolated dermatophytes sensitivity, our study revealed that T. rubrum and T. equinum isolated were sensitive to terbinafine and resistance of M. canis and M. auduoini to terbinafine.
All T. rubrum were resistant to itarconazole with M. canis sensitive to itraconazole and M. auduoini with intermediate sensitivity. All dermatophytes isolated were resistant to fluconazole and grisofulvin.