الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Advances in diagnostic research in oral and periodontal diseases are moving toward methods whereby periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures (e.g., biomarkers). One such marker, which can be detected, is the superoxide dismutase. It has been proven to have antioxidant properties therefore, it was found to be decreased during inflammation and so may be used as biomarker to detect many inflammatory diseases. Aim : The aim of this study was to determine the effect phase I therapy on superoxide dismutase level in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic periodontally diseased patients. Subjects and method : Forty five participants were involved in this study. Fifteen patient were diagnosed as systemically healthy patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, fifteen patients were diagnosis as having uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with moderate chronic periodontitis as a studygroup, and other fifteen subjects have healthy periodontium and systemically free as a control group. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index and plaque index) were recorded at baseline for study and control groups, while after treatment which is scaling and root planing for the study groups only. Plasma samples were be taken two times (at baseline and six weeks after treatment) from the study groups and were taken only once from control group. The blood samples will be analyzed using superoxide dismutase Assay Kit. Results: Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and gingival index (GI) in study group showed very high significant reduction after SRP compared to baseline. Superoxide dismutase level showed a significant decreased in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic periodontally diseased patients (study group) compared to healthy subjects (control group) at baseline (p < 0.001). Concerning the nondiabetic patient with chronic periodontitis six weeks after SRP, the mean values of superoxide dismutase level was highly significant increase compared to its level at baseline (P < 0.001) also the mean values of superoxide dismutase level of diabetic patient with chronic periodontitis, highly significant increase compared to its level at baseline (P < 0.001). However, after treatment there was no statistically significant differences between the superoxide dismutase level of the nondiabetic group and control group (P= 0.244), while statistically significant differences between the superoxide dismutase level of the diabetic group and control group (P < 0. 001). Conclusion : Scaling and root planing have an effect on the superoxide dismutase level in both non diabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients. Superoxide dismutase could be used as a diagnostic marker for periodontal disease status.