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Abstract Summary and Conclusion Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer accounting for ∼80% of cases. Worldwide and in the United States, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death. In the U.S., more than 221,000 people will be newly diagnosed with lung cancer in 2011, and more than 155,000 people will die from the disease this year. Early detection of lung cancer is vital to improve lung cancer survival rates and also could change the disease outcome. In the effort to improve early detection, many imaging and cytology-based strategies have been employed; however, none has yet been highly effective, either because of limited sensitivity or the prohibitive cost they bear to public health systems. It is now widely accepted that epidemiological risk modeling is required for stratification of individuals for CT screening. In addition, one of the major unmet clinical needs is the inclusion of new molecular biomarkers on non- or minimally invasive samples to assist early diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to treatment. There is increasing interest in EBC analysis, because the method of collection is simple, non-invasive, repeatable and does not necessarily require patient cooperation. Summary and Conclusion 159 Although ferritin proved to be measurable and present in high concentrations in the EBC of lung diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, it seldomly has been studied in the EBC of patients with lung cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate ferritin in the EBC of patients with NSCLC and controls testing its role as non invasive marker of lung cancer trying to detect lung cancer early. Our study conducted at Ain shams University Hospitals, included eighty patients classified into three groups: group (A) which Consists of forty patients diagnosed as non small cell lung cancer. group (B) which consists of twenty patients with COPD. group (C) which Consists of twenty healthy persons as a control group. Estimating the level of ferritin in exhaled breath condensate was done for all the patients in the three groups. All data were collected and statistically analyzed. from the present study, the following results were obtained: NSCLC is predominant in males mostly due to smoking. Summary and Conclusion 161 There is a high statistically significant difference between the three studied groups as regards ferritin level in EBC which is > 60 ng/ml in group A (NSCLC), 35-40 ng/ml in group B (COPD) and 20-25 ng/ml in group C (control). from the present study it is concluded that: The early detection of lung cancer in early stage is highly important for surgical probability of these patients. Early detection of lung cancer patients decreases morbidity and mortality of lung cancer. EBC is highly sensitive and specific and can be applied widely in chest hospitals. Recommendations 161 Recommendations 1- The use of EBC ferritin as a non invasive and inexpensive method in screening of lung cancer. 2- Future studies should implement EBC ferritin in combination with serum ferritin and ferritin level in pleural effusion that can be used as a panel in early diagnosis of lung cancer. 3- EBC ferritin can be used in monitoring the progress of lung cancer. 4- The increased level in EBC ferritin in COPD patients but not reaching |