الفهرس 
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Abstract
Safflower flowers and seeds were used as traditional medicine, food additives for a long time because of containing a high quantity of protein, ash and fibers in addition to carbohydrates. Safflower has biological activity such as anti-coagulantion, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor activity and anti-obesity.
The present work was conducted to study the following:
1- Chemical composition and nutritional value of safflower .
2- Phytochemistry of safflower.
HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds of safflower .
3- Assess of the biological evaluation of safflower by using albino rats.
This study was divided into five sections:
Firstly: The chemical study:
A sample of safflower was taken to estimate the proportion of humidity, protein, fats, ash and fibers then calculate the proportion of carbohydrates.
Secondly: HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds of safflower:
Thirdly: Phytochemical screening:
Detection of active phytochemical constituents was carried out for all oils before and after heating using the standard procedures .
1- Detection of Alkaloids
2- Detection of Flavonoids
3- Detection of Steroids and Terpenoids
4- Detection of Saponins
5- Detection of Tannins
6- Detection of Phenols
7- Detection of Glycosides
Fourthly: The biological study:
Biological experiment was done at the Faculty of Home Economics, Menuofia University, Shebin El-Kom. Rats (n = 55 male albino rats) were housed individually in wire cages in a room temperature maintained at 25 ± 2◦C and kept under normal healthy conditions. All rats (55male albino rats) were fed on basal diet for one - week before starting the experiment for adaptation. After this week, they divided into two main parts:
The first main part safflower flowers powder and it’s aqueous extract:
Rats were divide into the following main subgroups:
(-Ve) control group: negative control group (normal group 5 rats) this group fed on basal diet and tap water.
Diabetic subgroups: diabetic subgroups (25 rats) this main subgroupswere divided into 5 diabetic subgroups and fed on the experimental diets for 4 weeks as the following:
(+Ve) diabetic subgroup(1):(5 rats) positive control group untreated group, basal diet only.
Diabetic subgroup(2): (5 rats) fed with 5% safflower flowers powder.
Diabetic subgroup(3): (5 rats) fed with 10% safflower flowers powder.
Diabetic subgroup(4): (5 rats) fed with 20% safflower flowers powder.
Diabetic subgroup(5): (5 rats) fed with aqueous extract of safflower flowerspowder.
The second main part safflower seeds and it’s aqueous extract:
Rats were divide into the following main subgroups:
(-Ve) control group: negative control group (normal group 5 rats) this group fed on basal diet and tap water.
Obese subgroups: obese subgroups (25 rats) this main subgroupswere divided into 5 obese subgroups and fed on the experimental diets with 15% tallow for 3 weeks then fed on the experimental diets for 4 weeks as the following:
(+Ve) obese subgroup(6):(5 rats) positive control group untreated group, basal diet only.
Obese subgroup(7):(5 rats) fed with 5% safflower seeds powder.
Obese subgroup (8):(5 rats) fed with 10% safflower seeds powder.
Obese subgroup(9):(5 rats) fed with 20% safflower seeds powder.
Obese subgroup(10):(5 rats) fed with aqueous extract of safflower seedspowder.
After 28 days the rats were fasted for twelve hours and were weighted then they were slaughtered. The blood samples were collected to separate the blood serum. The blood serum for each rat was kept in numbered, sterilized and confirmly closed tubes to carry out the following biochemical analyses:
Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT, ALP, Creatinine, Urea, Glucose and Pancreatic Lipase.