الفهرس 
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Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign uterine tumors of unknown etiology. This disease seems to arise from myometrial transformation as a result of specific physiological and pathological conditions. Uterine fibroid is one of the most common diseases that affect the uterus which is defined as benign gynecological tumors of women in reproductive age which arising from the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium and occurring in 20% to 40% of women in their reproductive years. This disease disrupted the functions of the uterus and caused prolonged uterine bleeding, anemia, defective implantation of an embryo, recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm labor, obstruction of labor, pelvic discomfort, and urinary incontinence and may cause infertility due to it is the most common cause that indicates to hysterectomy. A striking feature of these tumors is their dependency on the ovarian steroids estrogen and progesterone which appear to promote the development of these tumors. Moreover, the cytokine is a major player in common pro-fibrotic gynecologic disorders such as fibroids, endometriosis, and postoperative adhesions. Accordingly, the present study aims to measure the following biochemical markers: hormones (PRL and E2), cytokine (TNF-α), ALT, AST, ACP enzymes activity, TP, A and G concentrations in the serum of UF patients. This study also aimed to evaluate GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms, and EGFR gene polymorphisms as a risk factor in UF patients. This study was carried out on UF patients (n=100) women with an age range from (25-50 years). Patients’ blood was collected from the section of obstetrics in Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt. Control samples (n=100) from women with the same range of age (25-50 years) were collected from the donor, blood bank. 5ml of blood was collected from each patient and healthy control, 5ml in tube without anticoagulant to obtain serum for measuring of all following parameters (E2, PRL, TNF-α, ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, and G), and another 3 ml was collecting in EDTA tube to evaluate GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms, and EGFR gene polymorphisms. DNA has been extracted from whole blood. This work has been done in the Laboratories of Genetics Unit of Children hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt. The following results were obtained: 1.Uterine fibroid women had a highly significant increase of PRL, E2 hormones, and TNF-α in comparison to healthy control women. 2. Uterine fibroid women had a significant decrease in the serum of aminotransferases (ALT and AST) enzyme activities but a non-significant change in serum ACP enzyme activity. 3. Uterine fibroid women had a significant decrease in the serum of (TP and A) levels but a non-significant change in serum G levels. 4.The results showed a non-significant correlation between serum levels of PRL and ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, G for UF patients. 5. The results showed that there was a non-significant correlation between serum levels of E2 with the level of PRL, ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, G for UF patients 6. The results showed that there was a non-significant correlation between serum levels of TNF-α and PRL, E2, ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, G for UF patients 7. The results showed that the G allele carriage is associated with an increased risk of UF in the GSTP1 gene among Egyptian women in compared to healthy control. 8. The results showed that The AG and GG genotypes in CYP1A1 gene are also associated with a higher risk of UF than the AA genotype. 9. The results showed that a significant association with mutations in exon 19 (rs121913438) and exon 21 (rs121434568) of EGFR gene in UF among Egyptian women. 10. The data revealed no significant association between serum biochemical markers (PRL, E2, TNF-α, ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, G) and GSTP1 gene expression in UF patients. 11. The data revealed no significant association between serum biochemical markers (PRL, E2, TNF-α, ALT, ACP, TP, A, G) and CYP1A1 gene expression in UF patients however there was a significant association between serum AST and CYP1A1 gene expression in UF patients 12. The data revealed no significant association between serum biochemical markers (PRL, E2, TNF-α, ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, G) and EGFR gene expression in exon 19 in UF patients 13. The data revealed no significant association between serum biochemical markers (PRL, E2, ALT, AST, ACP, TP, A, G) and EGFR gene expression in exon 21 in UF patients however there was a significant association between serum TNF-α and EGFR gene expression in exon 21 in UF patients.