الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary - Conclusion br Bronchoscopy has significant deleterious effects due to manipulation of the upper and lower respiratory tracts with marked hemodynamic and stress response which represents a potentially great hazard to achieve safe anesthesia. There were many attempts to attenuate these adverse effects. br Dexmedetomidine is highly selec-#116;ive, short-acting central alpha 2 agonist. It has increasingly gained popularity among anesthesiologists as adjuvant to general and regional anesthesia techniques. br This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of administration of Fentanyl, Dexmedetomidine or lidocaine on controlling the hemodynamic and hormonal responses to rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body extraction in pediatric patients. br Ninety ASA I-II children aged 2-12 year were randomly assigned to 3 groups: lidocaine (Z), fentanyl (F) and dexmedetomidine (D). HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and SPO2 were measured and recorded. Blood samples to measure Plasma concentrations of stress hormones including vasopressin, cortisol and ACTH were withdrawn. br Recovery -#102;-#114;-#111;-#109; anesthesia was faster in the D -#103;-#114;-#111;-#117;-#112; with minimal changes in hemodynamic parameters and less increase in stress response hormones with no significant increase in unwanted effects br We conclude that dexmedetomidine can be used safely and effectively to attenuate stress response to rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal in pediatric patients. br Further studies with larger sample size are needed to investigate the safety of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients in other procedures and the duration of hormonal and hemodynamic monitoring should be extended to evaluate the need for using suppressing drugs during postoperative period.