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Abstract Summary The diagnostic approach to pleural disease remains an underappreciated aspect of modern thoracic medicine, despite the fact that pleural disease affects approximately 300 subjects per 100 000 population per year worldwide (Du Rand and Maskell, 2010) Aim of the work is to compare the diagnostic efficiency, hospital stay, reliability, complications and advantages of Transthoracic Ultrasound Guided (TUS) biopsies with that of medical Thoracoscopic biopsies in patients with pleural diseases. The current study was prospective in design. It was conducted in Imbaba Chest Hospital and included 30 patients presenting with pleural diseases. They included 13 males and 17 females, in the period from July 2017 to January 2018. The patients’ ages ranged between 25 years and 79 years with 48.667 years mean age and 14.617 years standard deviations in patients of medical thoracoscopy and ages ranged between 27years to 66 years in patients of chest ultrasound with 51.667 years mean age and 11.280 years standard deviations. The included patients were classified according to the procedure by which pleural biopsy taken into Two groups: group 1, included 15 cases who underwent medical thoracoscopic pleural biopsy alone, (there were 7 males and 104 8 females with an average age of 48.667), group 2 included 15 cases who underwent transthoracic ultrasound guided pleural biopsies (there were 6 males and 9 females with an average age of 51.667). The sensitivity of diagnostic thoracoscopy in this study was 86.67%, indicating a high diagnostic yield of medical thoracoscopy in comparison with chest us which was 53.33%. Complications from medical thoracoscopic biopsies (100%) in comparison with chest us (66.67%). Hospital stay was better in patients of chest us in which only one case has hospital stay 7 days otherwise all another patients has not been hospitalized in comparison with patients of medical thoracoscopy in which hospital stay ranges from 5 to 12 days |