الفهرس 
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Abstract
Obesity is a disease defined by an excess accumulation of body fat to the extent that health is adversely affected. Within only a few decades, obesity has become a global health problem. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all regions of the world. Furthermore, the prevalence of childhood over weight and obesity increasing (McClung et al.,2009).
On the other hand, iron deficiency is an important problem in both developed and developing countries , increasing the potential of anemia ,impaired cognition behavior and motor skills. Many animal and clinical studies have reported an association between obesity and reduced iron storage. Systemic chronic inflammation induced by obesity and higher hepcidin levels have been suggested as a reason for iron deficiency (ID) that occurs with obesity (Park et al., 2017).
Many studies have demonstrated the negative effects of (ID) on behaviors including learning, memory and social behavior. as it was reported that obese children present with poorer cognitive functions, The mechanism by which( ID) can affect cognitive functions is unclear (Fretham et al., 2011) . And it was reported that oral iron supplementation therapy was not efficacious for replacing iron stores and correcting cognitive impairment (Grandone et al., 2015).
It is well-known that regular exercise treats obesity (Wo et al., 2013) but the mechanisms by which regular-repetitive exercise improves cognitive functions , ID and hepcidin levels of obese rats are still unclear.
In this study, 100 young rats divided into five groups (n꞊ 20):
GI (Control group): Rats had a normal diet during all period of the study.
GII (Obese group): Rats had a HFD during all period of the study.
GIII (Obese iron): obese rats were administrated iron (IM) for 2 weeks.
GIV (Obese exercise): Obese rate were undergo treadmill exercise for 2 months.
GV (Obese iron exersice): obese rats were administrated iron (IM) for 2 weeks and were undergo treadmill exercise for 2 months.
Calculation of the body weight of at the end of the study showed that exercise has decreasing effect on group IV and group V.
Estimation of lipid profile showed that exercise has decreasing effect on total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein ( LDL) and increasing effect on high density lipoprotein( HDL). Estimation of serum hepcidin level showed that obesity increase serum hepcidin level ,iron administration in group (III) has no effect on serum level of hepcidin and exercise decrease serum hepcidin level groups (IV)and (V). Estimation of serum iron level showed that obesity decrease serum iron level, iron administration in group (III) increases serum level of iron and exercise increases serum level of iron in groups (IV) and (V).
BY analysis the results of (Morris-Water Maze) showed that obesity has negative effect on cognitive function ,also iron administration alone had no improving effect on cognition of GIII .Exercise has improving effect on cognitive function of group IV .Combined iron administration and exercise in G(V)gave the same results like in G(IV).
As resulting of immunohistochemistry, by using Ki67 marker, showed that there wasn’t any hippocampal neurogenesis in any group of our study.
2-Conclusion
These beneficial observations, which were discussed above, Treadmill exercise decrease body weight and decrease serum level of hepcidin . This may explain the mechanism by which exercise can improve serum iron level and improve cognitive functions of obese rats.