الفهرس 
Global burden of traumatic spinal cord injuryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summery & Conclusion
Traumatic Spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are devastating conditions
with far-reaching physical, emotional, and economic consequences for
patients, families, and society at large.[2]
In 2016, there were 0·93 million (0·78–1·16 million) new cases
of SCI, and, the number of prevalent cases of SCI was 27·04 million
(24·98–30·15 million) worldwide..[5, 6]
The human heart receives a balanced innervation from
sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers (4). The sympathetic
preganglionic fibers run through the spinal cord and exit at levels T1–
T4 to form synapses in the thoracic ganglia. from here, the
sympathetic postganglionic fibers exit to innervate the heart where they
are responsible for increasing HR and cardiac output.[3]
It is well known that acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury
(SCI) may cause cardiovascular challenges including changes of blood
pressure and heart rate (HR) with arrhythmias and these issues remain a
challenge to the clinician.[171]
Although neurogenic bowel, neurogenic bladder and sexual
dysfunction are commonly recognized autonomic dysfunctions among
spinal cord-injured individuals, cardiovascular disorders due to loss of
supraspinal control of the sympathetic nervous system are also common
and limiting.[1, 184]
Baseline low systemic blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension
and episodes of sudden increase in blood pressure (that is, autonomic