الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a sly disease. Children with CKD develop many complications as growth retardation, protein-energy malnutrition, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, hypertension and accelerated arteriosclerosis.Growth failure in children with CKD is multifactorial and is associated with increased times of hospital admission and elevated mortality rate. These children and their families have a stressful life which may be related to management particularly dialysis and transplantation and prospect of shortened life span.Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a part of the skeletal component of CKD-MBD and defined as altered bone morphology, turnover, mineralization and volume which are quantifiable by histomorphometry of bone biopsyDisruption in GH/IGF I axis leads to poor linear growth and stunted final adult height. IGF I level in children with advanced stages of CKD may be normal. Its bioavailability is reduced in these children owing to decreased clearance of IGFBPs (1-6) and so their level increases leading to reduction of IGF I activity.All children with CKD receive calcium supplements, phosphate-binding medication, 1-25 (OH) 2 vitamin D, iron (oral or intravenous), erythropoietin, folic acid, vitamin B complex and antihypertensive drugs when necessary. Children with ESRD were maintained on 3 - 4 hemodialysis sessions weekly (4 hours/session).