الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Egyptian community in rural areas and villages suffer from the lack of sewerage systems, depending on centralized treating of wastewater, which is considered an unsuitable solution. This is due to excessive cost of construction, operation and maintenance. However, many countries have gone to the development of the sewerage systems through decentralized and community participation. The objective of the current research is to evaluate community participation in institutional and technical stage in different decentralized sanitation systems in Egypt. Three villages were selected based on community participation each village represents a different treatment, as the decentralized treatments applied to these villages represent most of the treatments applied in Egypt, as well as geographically cover most areas in Egypt.
Ezbet Al-Sheikh Yacoub, Beni Suef, that applied constructed wetlands.
Institutional evaluation, governmental institution, non-governmental organization and the villagers participated in the design, construction stage of sewage system, so community participation of decentralized sanitation system were positive.
Technical evaluation, the analysis of different tested samples showed that most of the results of the effluent of Ezbet El-Sheikh Yacoub plant didn’t comply with Law 48 of 1982. Finally, we concluded that the treatment plant of Ezbet El-Sheikh Yacoub is inefficient to comply with Law 48 of 1982 due to inappropriate operation and defects in implementation of the station.
El-Moufty El-Kobra, Kafr El-Sheikh, that applied stabilization ponds.
Institutional evaluation, non-governmental organization and the villagers participate in the design, construction, operation and maintenance stages of sewage system, so community participation of decentralized WWTP was positive.
Technical evaluation, the analysis of different tested samples showed that all of the results of the effluent of El-Moufty El-Kobra didn’t comply with Law 48 of 1982. Finally, we concluded that the treatment plant of El-Moufty El-Kobra, is inefficient to comply with Law 48 of 1982 due to lack of maintenance.
Abd EL Kareem Essa, Fayoum, that applied up flow septic tank anaerobic baffled reactor
Institutional evaluation, governmental institutions, non-governmental organization and the villagers participate in the construction, operation and maintenance stages of sewage system, so community participation of decentralized WWTP was positive.
Technical evaluation, the analysis of different tested samples showed that all of the results of the effluent of COD & TSS comply with Law 48 of 1982 except July and September, COD didn’t, the reasons due to delayed maintenance in July. All quantity of the sludge drawn out during maintenance in the late of July and most probably it had bad effect on the result of COD in September. Fecal coliform didn’t comply with Law 48/1982 in most of the results because sodium hypochlorite solution isn’t suitable for use. Chlorine concentration was measured at sodium hypochlorite and found to be 0.4 mg / l.
Experiences showed the positive participation of all members of society in the design and construction phase, but as a result of the putting full responsibility to the community development associations of this villages for the operation and maintenance of decentralized sanitation systems, this led to inefficient sanitation, so all governmental institutions and non- governmental organization should cooperate with them to make the system success through the following: -
There should be governmental committees responsible for follow-up such as water and Sewerage Company.
The decentralized WWTP should be exempt from payment of electricity and water bills.
The drinking water and sanitation company conducts annual semi analysis.
The local unit undertakes the necessary maintenance by their own equipment.
Annual training for the members of the association and the laborers should be performed and the laborers shall not be left the work until training the person who is doing the work in his place.
There should be a source of income to overcome O & M problems.
Non-governmental organizations should be raising awareness among villagers about the importance of the sewage system.
Each household pays monthly fees with the aim of covering the cost of O&M of sewerage system against consumption specific amount of water with taking consideration the level living of these households.
Treatment of the cheese and dairy factory should be carried out at the villages of the EL Mufti EL- Kobra and Ezbat Jaafar to reduce the load of organic matter that enter to WWTPs.