الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Oral carcinoma is a devastating disease with only minimal improvement survival. In the last decades despite progress made both in the, understanding of molecular alterations involved and in the array of therapeutic options available, it still life threating disease.
The most common malignant neoplasm is squamous cell carcinoma comprising over 90 % of oral cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely heterogeneous neoplasm and probably in no other oncologic field collaboration between various specialties (surgeon, dentist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and pathologist) is as critical for the correct diagnosis, staging, and accurate characterization of the tumor essential for the appropriate management with the best chance for cure.
Doxorubicin acts against a number of tumors, such as sarcomas and carcinomas. This drug is also used in hematological malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma). However, the commercial form of this drug has severe side effects, one of which is cardiac toxicity. Hence, the use of doxorubicin for treatment of cancer patients has some limitations much efforts has been taken to solve this problem and reduce the adverse effects
Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic is among the most effective anticancer agents used to treat cancer. It exerts its cytotoxic effect by intercalating between DNA base pairs on the double helix and inhibiting topoisomerase II (TOPO-II), the enzyme responsible for DNA helix conformation and stability.
Doxorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system
In this study, we investigate the effect of doxorubicin with its cytotoxicity on HEp-2 cell line using MTT assay and morphometric analysis. The change in cell cycle distribution of HEp-2cell was detected using flow cytometer.
ANNEXIN- staining showed increase in the total cell death, (apoptosis and necrosis) as doxorubicin concentrations increased.
The results showed that doxorubicin had a cytotoxic effect on the viability of HEp-2 cells using MTT assay. The morphometric analysis confirmed the results of MTT assay as there was a decrease in the nuclear area factor in a dose dependent manner.
The flow cytometric analysis of Doxorubicin showed pre G1 apoptosis with cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase.
from the previous study, we concluded that doxorubicin had cytotoxic effect on HEp-2 cell line.