الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2016/ 2017 and 2017/ 2018 on third and fourth ratoons of Williams banana plants grown in a private fruit orchard situated at El- Gendia village , Bany Mazar district, Minia Governorate where the soil is silty clay and well drained and with a water table not less than two meters deep. The stools ate planted at 3.5 x 3.5 m apart. Surface irrigation system was followed.
The scope of this study was examining the impact of spraying Algae extract, Carboxylic acid -Ca and glycine either applied alone or in combinations on growth aspects, plant nutritional status, yield and fruiting of Williams banana plants.
This study consisted of two factors (A&B) factors. The first factor (A) included the following four carboxylic –Ca and glycine treatments: a1) No materials a2) carboxylic-Ca at 0.1% a3) glycine at 0.1% and a4) carboxylic-Ca plus glycine each at 0.1 %
The second factor (B) contained the following four Algae extract concentrations
b1) 0.0 % b2) 0.05 % b3) 0.1 % and b4) 0.2 %
Each treatment was replicated three times, one stool per each. Each stool contained three plants for fruiting in the current season plus three suckers for fruiting in the following season. Since glycine was little solubilized in water few drops of ethyl alcohol must be added before application to facilitate the solubility Algae extract, Carboxylic acid-Ca and glycine was sprayed three times at the first week of May and at one month intervals.. Triton B as a wetting agent was added to all solutions the investigated intervals and spraying was done till runoff .
This experiment was set up in a randomized complete Block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement which the four Carboxylic-Ca and glycine treatments and the four Algae extract concentrations occupied the main and sub- plots, respectively.
During both seasons, the following measurements were recorded:
1- Vegetative growth characteristics namely height (m) and girth (cm) of pseudostem, number green leaves / plant length & width of leaf (m), leaf area (m2) and assimilation area (total surface area (m2) plant.
2- Percentages of N, P, K and Mg in the leaves.
3- Bunch weight (kg.)
4- Hand weight (kg.) and number of fingers/ hand.
5- Physical characteristics of the fruits namely , weight (g.) length (cm) and width (cm) of finger , percentages of pulp and peels and pulp/ peel.
6- Chemical characteristics of the fruits namely percentages of starch, T.S.S., total acidity as well as total, reducing and non- reducing sugars.
The nearly same obtained data during both seasons could be summarized under the following main items:
1-Vegetative growth aspects:-
Single and combined applications of Carboxylic acid-Ca and glycine each at 0.1% had material stimulation on height and girth of pseudostem, number of green leaves/ plant leaf dimensions, leaf area and assimilation area over the control treatments. Using glycine was superior than using carboxylic-Ca in this respect. Combined application materially was responsible for promoting these growth aspects than using each material alone.
Subjecting Williams banana plants to Algae extract at 0.05% to 0.2% had a pronounced stimulations on all growth aspects relative to the control. The promotion was in proportional to the increase in Algae extract concentrations.
The maximum values were recorded on the plants that received three sprays of a mixture of Algae extract 0.2% and carboxylic-Ca and glycine each at 0.1%.
2- Percentage of N,P,K, and Mg:-
Treating the plants with Carboxylic acid-Ca and/or glycine each at 0.1% considerably was followed by improving N,P,K, and Mg in the leaves relative to the control . Spraying glycine was preferable than using carboxylic-Ca in this respect.
Percentages of N,P,K, and Mg were remarkably enhanced in response to treating the plants with Algae extract at 0.05 to 0.2% compared with the control. There was a gradual promotion on these nutrients with increasing concentrate of Algae extract.
Percentage of N,P,K and Mg were maximized when the plants were treated with Algae extract at 0.2% plus carboxylic-Ca and glycine each at 0.1%. Untreating the plants gave the lowest values.
3- Weights of bunch and hand:-
Weight of bunch and hand were positively affected by applications of carboxylic-Ca and /or glycine relative to the control. Using glycine was measurably preferable than using carboxylic-Ca in this respect.
There was a gradual promoting on weight of bunch and hand with increasing concentrations of Algae extract. No measurable promoting was detected on weight of bunch and hand among the higher two concentration namely 0.1 and 0.2%, therefore from economical point of view it is suggested to use 0.1% of Algae extract.
Bunch and hand weight were maximized when Williams banana plants treated with all material together at 0.1% from economical point of view.
4- Physical and chemical fruit characteristics :-
Subjecting the plants three times to glycine and/or carboxylic-Ca had an announced promotion on fruit quality in terms of increasing weight, length and width of finger, fruit pulp/peel, T.S.S%, total, reducing and non-reducing sugars and decreasing fruit peel weight %,starch % and titratable acidity over the control. Using both materials together gave the lowest results.
Spraying the plants with Algae extract at 0.05 to 0.2% caused a remarkable promotion on fruit quality relative to the control. The promotion was greatly associated with increasing concentrations.
from economical of view and for gaining better fruit quality, it is suggested to treat Williams banana plants three times with a mixture of Algae extract ,Carboxylic acid-Ca and glycine each at 0.1%.
CONCLUSION
Treating Williams banana plants grown under Minia region with Algae extract, Carboxylic acid-Ca and glycine each at 0.1% three times at the first week of May, June and July is profitable for promoting yield and fruit quality.