الفهرس 
Chronic kidney disease in childrenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is exceptional in children and young adults in the general population, it is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Many children with CKD develop left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) which is frequently severe, especially in children on prolonged dialysis therapy.
A variety of metabolic and pathophysiological abnormalities such as anemia, hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, volume and pressure overload, hyperparathyroidism and uremia lead to changes in the cardiac functions and morphology in patients with ESRD.
Cardiac assessment by the conventional echocardiography is a non-invasive and inexpensive method, which generates detailed information about the gross anatomy of the heart and makes an objective quantification of the LV structure and functions possible. The LV ejection fraction (LVEF) in ESRD patients remains normal or nearly normal up to the late stage of the disease.
With the help of newer echocardiographic modalities such as tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), an early diagnosis of the cardiac involvement through the detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction might be possible in patients with ESRD.
This study was carried out on 35 patients (between the ages of 6 and 18 years) under regular hemodialysis for at least three days weekly due to end stage renal disease (21 males and 14 females) who were followed up at the Nephrology Unit of the Menoufyia University Hospital from April 2015 to December 2016 and 27 controls who