الفهرس 
Female Urogenital Anatomy
Blood supply and lymph drainageOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Vesicovaginal fistula is an ancient global female problem with grave and debilitating consequences. They occur in both developed and developing countries for various causes (i.e. gynaecological and obstetrical).
Several modalities of treatment are used in the repair of VVF, with different techniques, advantages/disadvantages and success/failure rates (i.e. conservative, minimally invasive, surgical, laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair).
Surgical repair is considered one of the best modalities of treatment for VVF. It consists of transvesical, trans-abdominal (intra and extraperitoneal) and transvaginal approaches. They are stratified into sub-techniques with various modifications.
The concept of interpositioning layers was introduced to aid in the repair of VVF. Many flaps and grafts, as well as synthetic tissue adhesives, were used, with various techniques, advantages, side effects and complications. In the search for fewer side effects, cheaper cost and high success rates, new options of tissue adhesives are being explored.
Cyanoacrylates are used in many branches of medicine for their haemostatic, tissue sealant and bioadhesive properties. In urology, they were used for various purposes including injection in VVF as a part of minimally invasive treatment. The novelty of the proposed technique comes from the use of CA as an interpositioning substance in the surgical repair of VVF (transvesical, trans-abdominal intraperitoneal and transvaginal approaches).
The application of CA as an interpositioning substance in the surgical repair of VVF was a simple and easy technique with adjuvant advantages such as being of low cost with good market availability and good patient tolerability. Also, there was a significantly shorter hospital stay and operative time than other interpositioning layers mentioned in the literature.
New modalities of interpositioning layers are being devised every day to assess in the surgical repair of VVF, CA application as an interpositioning substance can be one of them.