الفهرس 
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Abstract
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is now promoted as the standard for health services in order to improve patient safety and the quality of care. It is a responsible, accountable, and professional method to perform care through the use of effective decision-making, avoidance of habitual practice patterns, and application of proven clinical guidelines. It has gained increasing importance in the nursing profession. However, the barriers limiting EBP use must be identified and addressed.
This study was aimed at assessing the awareness and willingness of nurses toward implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) in their daily nursing practice. It was an attempt to answer the research question: “Do nurses have an awareness and willingness towards implementing EBP?” The study was conducted at Ain-Shams University Hospitals using a descriptive cross-sectional. It included 45 head nurses and 130 staff nurses working in the setting during the study time. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire including the nurse demographics and the Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) to assess nurses’ awareness and willingness toward implementing EBP. A jury group reviewed it, and a translation process was used to translate it into Arabic to ensure its validity. Testing the reliability demonstrated high Cronbach alpha coefficients. It was then pilot-tested on 18 nurses, and finalized accordingly. The fieldwork lasted from January to March 2017.
The main study findings were as following:
Head nurses’ median age was 42.0 years, all females, with a bachelor or higher degree; their median years of experience was 18.0. Only (40.0%) had training in EBP.
Staff nurses’ median age was 33.5 years, all females, with a bachelor or higher degree; their median years of experience was 12.0 years, and only (20.0%) had training in EBP.
Significantly more head nurses (66.7%) were having high awareness of EBP compared with staff nurses (47.7%), p=0.03.
Only less than one-fourth (25%) of head and staff nurses were having high confidence in EBP, with no significant difference.
Only (35.6%) of the head nurses and (27.7%) of the staff nurses were having adequate EBP skills, and the difference was not statistically significant.
Around two-thirds of both head and staff nurses had adequate EBP behavior, with no statistically significant difference.
Only (40.0%) of the head nurses and (33.1%) of the staff nurses had total positive attitude towards EBP, with no statistically significant difference.
The willingness towards EBP was slightly less among head nurses (24.4%) compared with 30.8% of the staff nurses, with no statistically significant difference.
Significantly more head nurses with high willingness were among those having previously attended training in EBP.
The staff nurses who had previously attended training in EBP had significantly higher awareness, attitudes, skills, and willingness towards EBP.
The staff nurses working in the academic hospital had significantly better confidence and willingness towards EBP.
Significant positive correlations were revealed among the scores of EBP awareness, confidence, skills, behavior, and attitude among head and staff nurses.
A significant positive correlation was revealed between the scores of EBP awareness and their related willingness (r=0.520).
In multivariate analysis:
o The attendance of training courses in EBP was the only independent positive predictor of the EBP awareness score.
o The awareness score was the only independent positive predictor of the attitude score.
o The awareness and attitude scores were independent positive predictors of the behavior score.
o The EBP training courses, and the awareness, attitude, and behavior scores were independent positive predictors of the EBP skills score, whereas the years of experience was a negative predictor.
o The awareness, behavior, and skills scores were the independent positive predictors the EBP confidence score.
o The attendance of EBP training courses was the only independent positive predictor of the EBP willingness score.
In conclusion, both head and staff nurses in the study settings have low willingness towards EBP, a few of them have high confidence, adequate skills, and positive attitudes, while their awareness and behavior is relatively fair. The training courses in EBP are the most important factor with positive influence on their awareness, skills, and willingness.
The study recommends regular hand-on training courses in EBP with follow-up. Inter-professional collaboration among nurses and physicians is needed to create a unit climate fostering the use of EBP. Advanced training courses in EBP are also recommended for nurse managers. The subject of EBP should be more addressed in undergraduate nursing curricula. The hospital administration should provide all the resources required for implementation of EBP, with a reward system for its application. Further research is proposed to investigate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention for training nurses in EBP on their related competencies.