الفهرس 
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Abstract
This Study Has Been Based On Three Parts Including; In Vitro, In Vivo And Ex Vivo Studies. In-Vitro Method Is Used For Comparing The Efficacy Of Holding Chambers Ultra Adapter In Salbutamol Drug Delivery When It Was Attached To Different Types Of VMN (Solo And Pro) And Jet Nebulizers With And Without Oxygen Source And Comparing The Results To The Efficacy Of The Standard T Piece In Drug Delivery While In -Vivo Method Has Been Used In Determination The Efficacy In The Drug Delivery Of Ultra Adapter –Solo With And Without Oxygen Source To The Lungs And Comparing With The Efficacy Of T Piece And Finally, Ex-Vivo Method That Has Been Used To Identify The Total Emitted Dose That A Volunteer Have Received By The Studied Devices.
In The In Vitro Part, 1 Ml Respirable Solution (Nominal Dose Of 5000µg Salbutamol) Was Delivered Using Different Nebulizers Solo, Pro And Jet, Connected To T-Piece Or Holding Chamber With And Without Oxygen Was Determined Using Breathing Simulator Set Under Certain Conditions For Determination Of The Total Emitted Dose While Aerodynamic Particle Size characterizations Were Determined Using Cooled Andersen Cascade Impactor At Inhalation Flow 15 L/Min.
In The In-Vivo Part Of The Study, Twelve Non-Smoking Healthy Subjects (Six Females), >18years With An Average(SD) FEV1>90% Of Predicted, Inhaled Nebulised Aerosol Of 1 Ml Respirable Solution (5000µg Salbutamol) Through Solo- Ultra Adapter With And Without Oxygen And Solo-T-Piece Using Normal Tidal Breathing. Subjects Provided Urine Samples 30 Minutes Post Dosing (USAL0.5) And Cumulatively Collected Their Urine For 24 Hours (USAL24). Samples Were Analyzed For Salbutamol Content.
While In Ex Vivo Study, On Certain Days, The Same 12 Volunteers Received The Same Determined Doses For The Study On Ex-Vivo Filter Which Was Used To Quantify The Amounts Of Salbutamol Base In Ex Vivo Filters.
It Was Observed That Ultra Adapter The Holding Chamber Increased TID Delivered By The Three Nebulizers Compared To T-Piece In Absence Of Oxygen Source And Relatively Decreased The MMAD But With No Significant Difference.
SOLO-Holding Chamber Resulted In Higher TID Compared To Any Other Delivery Method Tested. Also, Solo-Holding Chamber Without Oxygen Resulted In Higher USAL0.5 And USAL24 Compared To Solo-Holding Chamber At 6 L/Min Oxygen Flow Rate And Solo T Piece However, Solo- T Piece Had A Higher TID Delivered Than Solo-Holding Chamber At Oxygen Source.
Finally, SOLO-Holding Chamber Had The Highest TID Compared To All Nebulizers Adapter Combinations And Higher USAL0.5 And USAL24 Compared To SOLO-T-Piece. SOLO-Holding Chamber At Oxygen Source Decrease The Efficacy Of This New Holding Chamber In Aerosol Drug Delivery If Compared With The Same Solo- Holding Chamber Without Oxygen Or With Solo T Piece.